Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36996812›Full record

ArticleMolecular cell2023

Structural elements promote architectural stripe formation and facilitate ultra-long-range gene regulation at a human disease locus.

Liang-Fu Chen, Hannah Katherine Long, Minhee Park, Tomek Swigut, Alistair Nicol Boettiger, Joanna Wysocka

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular cell, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Facilitators may represent a new class of regulatory elements.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. What makes genes burst.Trends in cell biology · 2026
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Liang-Fu ChenDepartment of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Hannah Katherine LongDepartment of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Minhee ParkDepartment of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Tomek SwigutDepartment of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Alistair Nicol BoettigerDepartment of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: boettiger@stanford.edu.
Joanna WysockaDepartment of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: wysocka@stanford.edu.

Funding

Live-cell multiplex super-resolution imaging of chromatin state transitionsU01DK127419 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BINTU, LACRAMIOARA, BOETTIGER, ALISTAIR N. · 2020 to 2024
$5.3M
Uncovering fundamentals of gene regulation by enhancersR35GM131757 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Joanna Wysocka · 2019 to 2026
$3.1M
High resolution imaging of genome structure and gene regulation in developmentDP2GM132935 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BOETTIGER, ALISTAIR N. · 2018 to 2018
$2.3M
NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK127419NIGMS NIH HHS DP2 GM132935NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM131757Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 106051/Z/14/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Enhancer clusters overlapping disease-associated mutations in Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) patients regulate SOX9 expression at genomic distances over 1.25 Mb. We applied optical reconstruction of chromatin architecture (ORCA) imaging to trace 3D locus topology during PRS-enhancer activation. We observed pronounced changes in locus topology between cell types. Subsequent analysis of single-chromatin fiber traces revealed that these ensemble-average differences arise through changes in the frequency of commonly sampled topologies. We further identified two CTCF-bound elements, internal to the SOX9 topologically associating domain, which promote stripe formation, are positioned near the domain's 3D geometric center, and bridge enhancer-promoter contacts in a series of chromatin loops. Ablation of these elements results in diminished SOX9 expression and altered domain-wide contacts. Polymer models with uniform loading across the domain and frequent cohesin collisions recapitulate this multi-loop, centrally clustered geometry. Together, we provide mechanistic insights into architectural stripe formation and gene regulation over ultra-long genomic ranges.

Indexed as

ChromatinRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidCCCTC-Binding FactorCell Cycle ProteinsEnhancer Elements, GeneticGene Expression RegulationGenomeHumansPromoter Regions, GeneticCCCTC-Binding FactorCell Cycle ProteinsChromatin3D genome architectureCTCFenhancergene regulationloop extrusionstripe-associated structural element

Identifiers

PMID36996812
PMCPMC13507663

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.