ArticlePLoS pathogens2023
The anti-immune dengue subgenomic flaviviral RNA is present in vesicles in mosquito saliva and is associated with increased infectivity.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Small extracellular vesicles from DENV2-infected C6/36 cells show viral infectionEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Article
- YBX1 regulates RNA polymerase III transcripts to prevent inflammation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Multiple orthoflaviviruses secrete sfRNA in mosquito saliva to promote transmission by inhibiting MDA5-mediated early interferon response.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Co-release of tick-borne encephalitis virus RNA and structural proteins via virus-like particles and extracellular vesicles.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Dengue virus harnesses mosquito Syntenin to load and secrete viral RNA into salivary exosomes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- An A-rich linker between dengue virus tandem xrRNAs facilitates functional coordination.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Interactions between extracellular vesicles and viruses: lessons learned across species and kingdoms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Cellular Biology: Virus-Host Interactions and RNA Structure and Function.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2026Review
- Y-box binding proteins in immunity and RNA virus infection.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- High-resolution proteomics unveils salivary gland disruption and saliva-hemolymph protein exchange in Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Arthropods: Biogenesis, Functions, Isolation Methods and Applications.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Review
- DENV-2 3'UTR dumbbell structure is a critical factor for viral infection and dissemination inJournal of virology · 2025Article
- Exploring the genetic diversity of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of Dengue virus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses that impact public health.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in arbovirus infections: from basic biology to potential clinical applications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Characterization of size distribution and markers for mosquito extracellular vesicles.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Pan-flavivirus analysis reveals sfRNA-independent, 3' UTR-biased siRNA production from an insect-specific flavivirus.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- New frontiers in salivary extracellular vesicles: transforming diagnostics, monitoring, and therapeutics in oral and systemic diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mosquito transmission of dengue viruses to humans starts with infection of skin resident cells at the biting site. There is great interest in identifying transmission-enhancing factors in mosquito saliva in order to counteract them. Here we report the discovery of high levels of the anti-immune subgenomic flaviviral RNA (sfRNA) in dengue virus 2-infected mosquito saliva. We established that sfRNA is present in saliva using three different methods: northern blot, RT-qPCR and RNA sequencing. We next show that salivary sfRNA is protected in detergent-sensitive compartments, likely extracellular vesicles. In support of this hypothesis, we visualized viral RNAs in vesicles in mosquito saliva and noted a marked enrichment of signal from 3'UTR sequences, which is consistent with the presence of sfRNA. Furthermore, we show that incubation with mosquito saliva containing higher sfRNA levels results in higher virus infectivity in a human hepatoma cell line and human primary dermal fibroblasts. Transfection of 3'UTR RNA prior to DENV2 infection inhibited type I and III interferon induction and signaling, and enhanced viral replication. Therefore, we posit that sfRNA present in salivary extracellular vesicles is delivered to cells at the biting site to inhibit innate immunity and enhance dengue virus transmission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.