ReviewCVIR endovascular2023
Standardizing lymphangiography and lymphatic interventions: a preclinical in vivo approach with detailed procedural steps.
Review in CVIR endovascular, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transvenous Retrograde Thoracic Duct Cannulation in a Porcine Model: A Technical Note on Initial Feasibility.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- A Case of Pelvic Lymphatic Effusion Managed with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate/Lipiodol Embolization through an Inguinal Lymph Node.Interventional radiology (Higashimatsuyama-shi (Japan) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo present a preclinical in vivo approach for standardization and training of lymphangiography and lymphatic interventions using a pictorial review. MATERIALS AND
methodsDifferent lipiodol- and gadolinium-based lymphangiography and lymphatic interventions were performed in twelve (12) landrace pigs with a mean bodyweight of 34 ± 2 kg using various imaging and guiding modalities, similar to the procedures used in humans. The techniques used were explicitly introduced and illustrated. The potential applications of each technique in preclinical training were also discussed.
resultsBy applying visual, ultrasonography, fluoroscopy, CT, cone-beam CT, and/or MRI examination or guidance, a total of eleven techniques were successfully implemented in twelve pigs. The presented techniques include inguinal postoperative lymphatic leakage (PLL) establishment, interstitial dye test, five types of lymphangiography [incl. lipiodol-based translymphatic lymphangiography (TL), lipiodol-based percutaneous intranodal lymphangiography (INL), lipiodol-based laparotomic INL, lipiodol-based interstitial lymphangiography, and interstitial magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL)], and four types of percutaneous interventions in the treatment of PLL [incl. thoracic duct embolization (TDE), intranodal embolization (INE), afferent lymphatic vessel sclerotherapy (ALVS), and afferent lymphatic vessel embolization (ALVE)].
conclusionThis study provides a valuable resource for inexperienced interventional radiologists to undergo the preclinical training in lymphangiography and lymphatic interventions using healthy pig models.
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