ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2023
Reducing Iron Oxide with Ammonia: A Sustainable Path to Green Steel.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modeling and Assessment of Ammonia Direct Reduction for Decarbonizing Iron Production.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Bimetallic Site Catalysts for Photocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis: Synergistic Effects and Design Strategies.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Atomic Pathways of Ammonia-Driven FeThe journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces · 2026Article
- Environmentally Friendly and Simple Recycling of Titanium Alloy Scrap via Deoxygenation with Hybrid Hydrogen Plasma Arc.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Reactive vapor-phase dealloying-alloying turns oxides into sustainable bulk nano-structured porous alloys.Science advances · 2024Article
- The potential of green ammonia in the de-fossilization of the steel, glass and cement industries.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2024Article
- Thermal Kinetics and Nitriding Effect of Ammonia-Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides.ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering · 2024Article
- The Fate of Water in Hydrogen-Based Iron Oxide Reduction.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Reducing Iron Oxide with Ammonia: A Sustainable Path to Green Steel.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Iron making is the biggest single cause of global warming. The reduction of iron ores with carbon generates about 7% of the global carbon dioxide emissions to produce ≈1.85 billion tons of steel per year. This dramatic scenario fuels efforts to re-invent this sector by using renewable and carbon-free reductants and electricity. Here, the authors show how to make sustainable steel by reducing solid iron oxides with hydrogen released from ammonia. Ammonia is an annually 180 million ton traded chemical energy carrier, with established transcontinental logistics and low liquefaction costs. It can be synthesized with green hydrogen and release hydrogen again through the reduction reaction. This advantage connects it with green iron making, for replacing fossil reductants. the authors show that ammonia-based reduction of iron oxide proceeds through an autocatalytic reaction, is kinetically as effective as hydrogen-based direct reduction, yields the same metallization, and can be industrially realized with existing technologies. The produced iron/iron nitride mixture can be subsequently melted in an electric arc furnace (or co-charged into a converter) to adjust the chemical composition to the target steel grades. A novel approach is thus presented to deploying intermittent renewable energy, mediated by green ammonia, for a disruptive technology transition toward sustainable iron making.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.