ArticleJOR spine2023
Modic type 2 changes are fibroinflammatory changes with complement system involvement adjacent to degenerated vertebral endplates.
Article in JOR spine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Accuracy of machine learning in predicting recurrence risk of lumbar disc herniation after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Pooled it
- IntradiscalJOR spine · 2026Article
- Article
- Flow Cytometry Study of Immune Cell Subpopulations from the Mouse Vertebral Bone Marrow and Intervertebral Disc Following Endplate Microfracture.Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopia Electronica ... et. al · 2026Article
- Impact of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Endplate Changes on Cefazolin Penetration into the Intervertebral Disc.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Modic changes: From potential molecular mechanisms to future research directions (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Proteomic profiling of human plasma and intervertebral disc tissue reveals matrisomal, but not plasma, biomarkers of disc degeneration.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Treatment of Painful One Level Schmorl's Nodes Using Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: A Clinical Evaluation.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- The effect of a transforaminal epidural injection in patients with lumbar disc herniation is not correlated with the presence of type II modic changes.Brain & spine · 2025Article
- Assessment of Tie2-Rejuvenated Nucleus Pulposus Cell Transplants from Young and Old Patient Sources Demonstrates That Age Still Matters.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- No evidence of association between either Modic change or disc degeneration and five circulating inflammatory proteins.JOR spine · 2024Article
- Review
- From structure to therapy: the critical influence of cartilaginous endplates and microvascular network on intervertebral disc degeneration.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION INSTIGATES VERTEBRAL ENDPLATE REMODELING AND FACET JOINT PATHOLOGY IN A LARGE ANIMAL MODEL.European cells & materials · 2024Article
- Cartilaginous endplates: A comprehensive review on a neglected structure in intervertebral disc research.JOR spine · 2023Review
- Epidemiology of Modic changes in dogs: Prevalence, possible risk factors, and association with spinal phenotypes.JOR spine · 2023Article
- Modic type 2 changes are fibroinflammatory changes with complement system involvement adjacent to degenerated vertebral endplates.JOR spine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Vertebral endplate signal intensity changes visualized by magnetic resonance imaging termed Modic changes (MC) are highly prevalent in low back pain patients. Interconvertibility between the three MC subtypes (MC1, MC2, MC3) suggests different pathological stages. Histologically, granulation tissue, fibrosis, and bone marrow edema are signs of inflammation in MC1 and MC2. However, different inflammatory infiltrates and amount of fatty marrow suggest distinct inflammatory processes in MC2. Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate (i) the degree of bony (BEP) and cartilage endplate (CEP) degeneration in MC2, (ii) to identify inflammatory MC2 pathomechanisms, and (iii) to show that these marrow changes correlate with severity of endplate degeneration. Methods: Pairs of axial biopsies ( Results: Endplates from MC2 were significantly more degenerated. Proteomic analysis revealed an activated complement system, increased expression of extracellular matrix proteins, angiogenic, and neurogenic factors in MC2 marrow. Endplate scores correlated with upregulated complement and neurogenic proteins. Discussion: The inflammatory pathomechanisms in MC2 comprises activation of the complement system. Concurrent inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis indicate that MC2 is a chronic inflammation. Correlation of endplate damage with complement and neurogenic proteins suggest that complement system activation and neoinnervation may be linked to endplate damage. The endplate-near marrow is the pathomechanistic site, because MC2 occur at locations with more endplate degeneration. Conclusion: MC2 are fibroinflammatory changes with complement system involvement which occur adjacent to damaged endplates.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.