ArticleCureus2023
Evaluation of Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Between First Wave and Second Wave: Study From a Tertiary Cancer Care Centre, Delhi, India.
Article in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Disruption and recovery: a qualitative study on health services for vulnerable populations during the pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) in Moderate-to-Severe Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized, Open-Label Parallel-Group Study.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024Article
- Clinical profile of hospitalised moderate category COVID-19 patients: Short study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Delhi.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background and objectives The second wave of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) had several severe consequences in the form of rising cases, deaths, and overwhelming health infrastructure in India. However, the similarities and differences between the characteristics of the first and second waves have yet to be explained. The objectives of the study were to compare the incidence, clinical management, and mortality rates between two waves. Methods The COVID-19 data collated from Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi between the first wave (1 April 2020 to 27 February 2021) and second wave (1 March 2021 to 30 June 2021) were evaluated in terms of incidence, the clinical course of the disease, and mortality rates. Results The number of subjects hospitalized in the first and second waves was 289 and 564, respectively. Compared to the first wave, the proportion of patients with severe disease was higher (9.7% vs. 37.8%). Several parameters such as age group, grade of disease, the reason for hospitalization, values of peripheral oxygen saturation, type of respiratory support, response to therapy, vital status, and others show statistically significant differences between the two waves (P<0.001). The mortality rate in the second wave was significantly higher (20.2% vs. 2.4%, P<0.001) than in the first wave. Interpretation and conclusions The clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 significantly differ between the first and second waves. There is a higher incidence of hospitalized patients (66.1% vs. 33.9%) with drastically increased case fatality rate in the second wave. Disease severity in the first wave is four times lower than in the second wave. The second wave was quite devastating, which led to the shortage of critical care facilities and the loss of a significant number of lives.
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