ArticleMalaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia2023
Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among primary school children: A cross-sectional study in Kuching, Sarawak.
Article in Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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- School-based screening for high blood pressure in children and adolescents: a systematic scoping review.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
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Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension is an emerging health concern among children owing to its increasing prevalence and association with obesity. However, hypertension screening is uncommon, and childhood hypertension-related data are limited. This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among primary school children in Kuching, Sarawak. Method: Standard procedures and validated equipment were used to measure blood pressure and anthropometric indicators. The body mass index (BMI)-for-age and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Questionnaires were used to obtain family sociodemographic data and health history. Results: A total of 1,314 children aged 6-12 years were enrolled, of whom 107 (8.1%) and 178 (13.5%) were hypertensive and pre-hypertensive, respectively. The chi-squared test indicated that hypertension was significantly associated with male sex (P<0.05), >1 standard deviation BMI-for-age (P<0.001), percentage of excess body fat (BF)(P<0.001), 5th to 95th height percentile (P<0.001), >90th excess waist circumference (WC) percentile (P<0.001), >90th WHtR percentile (P<0.001), clerical, service, sales and skilled parental work (P<0.05), excess weight (P<0.05) and cardiovascular disease (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the percentage of excess BF [odds ratio (OR): 4.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.01-11.66] and excess WC (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.15-4.72) were significantly related to hypertension after adjusting for sex and age. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension among the study population is higher than that among children worldwide. Childhood hypertension-related factors must be identified to aid in routine blood pressure screening, which is crucial for early detection and intervention to reduce future morbidity burden.
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