ArticleViruses2023
Evaluation of Potential In Vitro Recombination Events in Codon Deoptimized FMDV Strains.
Article in Viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Attenuation without protective immunogenicity: effects of codon-pair deoptimization on foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O in swine.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Live-attenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine engineered by codon deoptimization induces a strong protective immune response in cattle.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Recombination hotspots and genetic variability in foot-and-mouth disease virus genomes: a comparative genomic and phylogeographic analysis.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Deoptimization of FMDV P1 Region Results in Robust Serotype-Independent Viral Attenuation.Viruses · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Codon deoptimization (CD) has been recently used as a possible strategy to derive foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) candidates containing DIVA markers. However, reversion to virulence, or loss of DIVA, from possible recombination with wild-type (WT) strains has yet to be analyzed. An in vitro assay was developed to quantitate the levels of recombination between WT and a prospective A24-P2P3 partially deoptimized LAV candidate. By using two genetically engineered non-infectious RNA templates, we demonstrate that recombination can occur within non-deoptimized viral genomic regions (i.e., 3'end of P3 region). The sequencing of single plaque recombinants revealed a variety of genome compositions, including full-length WT sequences at the consensus level and deoptimized sequences at the sub-consensus/consensus level within the 3'end of the P3 region. Notably, after further passage, two recombinants that contained deoptimized sequences evolved to WT. Overall, recombinants featuring large stretches of CD or DIVA markers were less fit than WT viruses. Our results indicate that the developed assay is a powerful tool to evaluate the recombination of FMDV genomes in vitro and should contribute to the improved design of FMDV codon deoptimized LAV candidates.
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