ArticleVaccines2023
Tetanus and Diphtheria Seroprotection among Children Younger Than 15 Years in Nigeria, 2018: Who Are the Unprotected Children?
Article in Vaccines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping anti-diphtheria toxin antibody: a systematic review and meta-analysis with multi-level meta-regression.Pathogens and global healthPooled it
- Exposure tobioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Diphtheria Vaccination Coverage and Correlation With Multidimensional Poverty Among Children in Nigeria.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Hotspot-based integrated serosurveillance of neglected tropical diseases, malaria, and vaccine-preventable diseases in urban Guyana.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2026Article
- Integrated serosurveillance of multiple communicable diseases in the hinterland of Guyana.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Multiplex bead assays enable integrated serological surveillance and reveal cross-pathogen vulnerabilities in Zambezia Province, Mozambique.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The Use of Residual Blood Specimens in Seroprevalence Studies for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: A Scoping Review.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Article
- Integrated Serosurveillance of Infectious Diseases Using Multiplex Bead Assays: A Systematic Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Insufficient immune protection in preterm infants due to delayed or incomplete hexavalent vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Integrated serological surveillance of communicable diseases in the Paraguayan Chaco, 2019.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Women of Reproductive Age in Nigeria in 2018.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Spatial targeting and integration across vaccination, vitamin A and deworming programs throughout India 2019-21.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Seroprevalence of Diphtheria and Tetanus Immunoglobulin G among the General Health Population in Guangzhou, China.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Diphtheria outbreak in Nigeria: what we know now.Infection prevention in practice · 2024Article
- Article
- A looming epidemic: combating the recurrent outbreaks of diphtheria in Nigeria.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Serological surveys provide an objective biological measure of population immunity, and tetanus serological surveys can also assess vaccination coverage. We undertook a national assessment of immunity to tetanus and diphtheria among Nigerian children aged <15 years using stored specimens collected during the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey, a national cross-sectional household-based survey. We used a validated multiplex bead assay to test for tetanus and diphtheria toxoid-antibodies. In total, 31,456 specimens were tested. Overall, 70.9% and 84.3% of children aged <15 years had at least minimal seroprotection (≥0.01 IU/mL) against tetanus and diphtheria, respectively. Seroprotection was lowest in the north west and north east zones. Factors associated with increased tetanus seroprotection included living in the southern geopolitical zones, urban residence, and higher wealth quintiles (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.