ReviewVaccines2023
Significance of Conserved Regions in Coronavirus Spike Protein for Developing a Novel Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Review in Vaccines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mass spectrometry-based mapping of conformational epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 antigens targeted by monoclonal antibodies.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2026Article
- Article
- Heterogeneous Evolution Among SARS-CoV-2 Genes and Variants of Concern.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- An immunoinformatics approach in designing high-coverage mRNA multi-epitope vaccine against multivariant SARS-CoV-2.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Article
- Differentiating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Responses Between Infection and Vaccination: Challenges for Epidemiological Research.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Immunological assessment of NSFu1: A novel fusion molecule constructed from structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 for improving COVID-19 antibody detection.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- Conformational and Stability Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variants by Molecular Simulation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- New Trends in SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Article
- The Role of Memory T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Long-term COVID-19: Effects of Vaccination Status.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Viral glycoprotein-mediated entry and antibody-mediated immunity in HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Self-assembled epitope-based nanoparticles targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhanced the immune response and induced potential broad neutralizing activity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Revealing SARS-CoV-2 MComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- Design of the conserved epitope peptide of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as the broad-spectrum COVID-19 vaccine.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Pan-beta-coronavirus subunit vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV challenge.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- S2 Peptide-Conjugated SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles Provide Broad Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Efficient overexpression and purification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleocapsid proteins in Escherichia coli.The Biochemical journal · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Overview of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Viruses · 2024Review
- Genomic Surveillance and Mutation Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Variants among Patients in Saudi Arabia.Microorganisms · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Over the years, several distinct pathogenic coronaviruses have emerged, including the pandemic SARS-CoV-2, which is difficult to curtail despite the availability of licensed vaccines. The difficulty in managing SARS-CoV-2 is linked to changes in the variants' proteins, especially in the spike protein (SP) used for viral entry. These mutations, especially in the SP, enable the virus to evade immune responses induced by natural infection or vaccination. However, some parts of the SP in the S1 subunit and the S2 subunit are considered conserved among coronaviruses. In this review, we will discuss the epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 subunit proteins that have been demonstrated by various studies to be conserved among coronaviruses and may be immunogenic for the development of a vaccine. Considering the higher conservancy of the S2, we will further discuss the likely challenges that could limit the S2 subunit from inducing robust immune responses and the promising approaches to increase its immunogenicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.