Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36991755›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2023

Analyzing the Impact of Active Attack on the Performance of the AMCTD Protocol in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks.

Khalid Saeed, Wajeeha Khalil, Ahmad Sami Al-Shamayleh, Iftikhar Ahmad, Adnan Akhunzada, Salman Z ALharethi, Abdullah Gani

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.

Khalid SaeedDepartment of Computer Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0001-7580-6007
Wajeeha KhalilDepartment of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-2274-6770
Ahmad Sami Al-ShamaylehDepartment of Networks and Cybersecurity, Faculty of Information Technology, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0002-7222-2433
Iftikhar AhmadDepartment of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0001-7863-3746
Adnan AkhunzadaCollege of Computing & IT, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha P.O. Box 24449, Qatar.ORCID 0000-0001-8370-9290
Salman Z ALharethiDepartment of Information System, College of Computers and Information Systems, Umm AL-Qura University, Al-lith 28434, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-4633-5020
Abdullah GaniFaculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-4388-020X
Information Technology University · PKAl-Ahliyya Amman University · JOQatar Science and Technology Park · QAShaheed Benazir Bhutto University · PKUmm al-Qura University · SAUniversity of Malaya · MY

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The exponentially growing concern of cyber-attacks on extremely dense underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) and the evolution of UWSNs digital threat landscape has brought novel research challenges and issues. Primarily, varied protocol evaluation under advanced persistent threats is now becoming indispensable yet very challenging. This research implements an active attack in the Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-optimized Depth-based Routing (AMCTD) protocol. A variety of attacker nodes were employed in diverse scenarios to thoroughly assess the performance of AMCTD protocol. The protocol was exhaustively evaluated both with and without active attacks with benchmark evaluation metrics such as end-to-end delay, throughput, transmission loss, number of active nodes and energy tax. The preliminary research findings show that active attack drastically lowers the AMCTD protocol's performance (i.e., active attack reduces the number of active nodes by up to 10%, reduces throughput by up to 6%, increases transmission loss by 7%, raises energy tax by 25%, and increases end-to-end delay by 20%).

Indexed as

active attackattacker nodesmalicious nodesrouting attacksecurity attack

Identifiers

PMID36991755
PMCPMC10053929
OpenAlexW4324092531

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.