Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36991383›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2023

Eye-tracking correlates of response to joint attention in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder.

Ryan Anthony de Belen, Hannah Pincham, Antoinette Hodge, Natalie Silove, Arcot Sowmya, Tomasz Bednarz, Valsamma Eapen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Eye Tracking as a Treatment Monitoring Tool for Autism: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Pooled it
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  9. Artificial Intelligence-Based Depression Detection.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ryan Anthony de BelenSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. r.debelen@unsw.edu.au.
Hannah PinchamSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Antoinette HodgeChildren's Hospital Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Natalie SiloveChildren's Hospital Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Arcot SowmyaSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Tomasz BednarzSchool of Art & Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Valsamma EapenSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA number of differences in joint attention behaviour between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) individuals have previously been documented.

methodWe use eye-tracking technology to assess response to joint attention (RJA) behaviours in 77 children aged 31 to 73 months. We conducted a repeated-measures analysis of variance to identify differences between groups. In addition, we analysed correlations between eye-tracking and clinical measures using Spearman's correlation.

resultsThe children diagnosed with ASD were less likely to follow gaze compared to TD children. Children with ASD were less accurate at gaze following when only eye gaze information was available, compared to when eye gaze with head movement was observed. Higher accuracy gaze-following profiles were associated with better early cognition and more adaptive behaviours in children with ASD. Less accurate gaze-following profiles were associated with more severe ASD symptomatology.

conclusionThere are differences in RJA behaviours between ASD and TD preschool children. Several eye-tracking measures of RJA behaviours in preschool children were found to be associated with clinical measures for ASD diagnosis. This study also highlights the construct validity of using eye-tracking measures as potential biomarkers in the assessment and diagnosis of ASD in preschool children.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAttentionChild, PreschoolEye-Tracking TechnologyFixation, OcularHumansSocial BehaviorEye-tracking technologyResponse to joint attention

Identifiers

PMID36991383
PMCPMC10061704

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.