Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36990958›Full record

ReviewTrends in biochemical sciences2023

Diverse heterochromatin states restricting cell identity and reprogramming.

Ryan L McCarthy, Jingchao Zhang, Kenneth S Zaret

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in biochemical sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Genome-wide chromatin recording resolves dynamic cell state changes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
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  8. Review
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  18. The rebirth of repressive chromatin during early vertebrate development.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ryan L McCarthyInstitute for Regenerative Medicine, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Jingchao ZhangInstitute for Regenerative Medicine, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Kenneth S ZaretInstitute for Regenerative Medicine, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: zaret@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.

Funding

TRANS-ACTING FACTORS CAUSING CELL-SPECIFIC GENE CONTROLR01GM036477 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI ZARET, KENNETH · 1986 to 2023
$7.7M
Modifying regulators of heterochromatin to improve reprogramming to functional hepatocytesK01DK117970 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MCCARTHY, RYAN LEHMAN · 2018 to 2022
$527k
NIDDK NIH HHS K01 DK117970NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM036477
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heterochromatin is defined as a chromosomal domain harboring repressive H3K9me2/3 or H3K27me3 histone modifications and relevant factors that physically compact the chromatin. Heterochromatin can restrict where transcription factors bind, providing a barrier to gene activation and changes in cell identity. While heterochromatin thus helps maintain cell differentiation, it presents a barrier to overcome during efforts to reprogram cells for biomedical purposes. Recent findings have revealed complexity in the composition and regulation of heterochromatin, and shown that transiently disrupting the machinery of heterochromatin can enhance reprogramming. Here, we discuss how heterochromatin is established and maintained during development, and how our growing understanding of the mechanisms regulating H3K9me3 heterochromatin can be leveraged to improve our ability to direct changes in cell identity.

Indexed as

HeterochromatinHistonesCell DifferentiationChromatinTranscription FactorsChromatinHeterochromatinHistonesTranscription FactorsH3K27me3H3K9me3heterochromatinpioneer factorsreprogramming

Identifiers

PMID36990958
PMCPMC10182259

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.