Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36989356›Full record

ArticleScience advances2023

Dense sampling of ethnic groups within African countries reveals fine-scale genetic structure and extensive historical admixture.

Nancy Bird, Louise Ormond, Paschal Awah, Elizabeth F Caldwell, Bruce Connell, Mohamed Elamin, Faisal M Fadlelmola, Forka Leypey Matthew Fomine, Saioa López, Scott MacEachern and 10 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
20.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Sudan's complex genetic admixture history drives adaptation to malaria in Sudanese Copts.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors at 15 institutions in 8 countries.

Nancy BirdDepartment of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London Genetics Institute (UGI), University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2596-874X
Louise OrmondDepartment of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London Genetics Institute (UGI), University College London, London, UK.
Paschal AwahFaculty of Arts, Letters and Social Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Elizabeth F CaldwellThe Library, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9946-1661
Bruce ConnellLinguistics and Language Studies Program, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-3648-5073
Mohamed ElaminUniversity Hospital of Derby, Derby, UK.
Faisal M FadlelmolaKush Centre for Genomics and Biomedical Informatics, Biotechnology Perspectives Organisation, Khartoum, Sudan.ORCID 0000-0001-8351-264X
Forka Leypey Matthew FomineDepartment of History and African Civilisations, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
Saioa LópezWellcome Trust, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2936-4070
Scott MacEachernDivision of Social Science, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4859-3998
Yves MoñinoLLACAN, CNRS, Paris, France.
Sam MorrisNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4067-1100
Pieta Näsänen-GilmoreTampere Centre for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research: Global Health Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Nana Kobina Nketsia VEssikado Traditional Council, Essikado, Ghana.
Krishna VeeramahDepartment of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6768-4000
Michael E WealeGenomics PLC, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4593-1186
David ZeitlynSchool of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5853-7351
Mark G ThomasDepartment of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London Genetics Institute (UGI), University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2452-981X
Neil BradmanHenry Stewart Group, London, UK.
Garrett HellenthalDepartment of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London Genetics Institute (UGI), University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5760-8020
University College London · GBUniversity of Oxford · GBCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRDuke Kunshan University · CNFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare · FIGenomics (United Kingdom) · GBLancaster University · GBScience Council · GBStony Brook University · USSudan Medical Specialization Board · SDUniversité de Yaoundé I · CMUniversity of Buea · CMUniversity of Derby · GBWellcome Trust · GBYork University · CA

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/R01356X/1Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Previous studies have highlighted how African genomes have been shaped by a complex series of historical events. Despite this, genome-wide data have only been obtained from a small proportion of present-day ethnolinguistic groups. By analyzing new autosomal genetic variation data of 1333 individuals from over 150 ethnic groups from Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Nigeria, and Sudan, we demonstrate a previously underappreciated fine-scale level of genetic structure within these countries, for example, correlating with historical polities in western Cameroon. By comparing genetic variation patterns among populations, we infer that many northern Cameroonian and Sudanese groups share genetic links with multiple geographically disparate populations, likely resulting from long-distance migrations. In Ghana and Nigeria, we infer signatures of intermixing dated to over 2000 years ago, corresponding to reports of environmental transformations possibly related to climate change. We also infer recent intermixing signals in multiple African populations, including Congolese, that likely relate to the expansions of Bantu language-speaking peoples.

Indexed as

ChromosomesEthnicityGenetics, PopulationGenetic VariationGhanaHumansLanguageNigeria

Identifiers

PMID36989356
PMCPMC10058250
OpenAlexW4361301822

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.