ArticleMaternal and child health journal2023
Associations of Education and Income with Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Non-smoking Pregnant Women in Japan: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study.
Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends in the prevalence and factors associated with indoor smoking in 24 countries Party to the WHO FCTC: implications for equitable policy implementation.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Trends, differences, and future projections of lung cancer attributable to secondhand smoke across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2036.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- The effect of active and passive smoking during pregnancy on birth outcomes: A cohort study in Shanghai.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
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6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
objectivesThere is accumulating evidence that lower socioeconomic groups are more exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) than higher ones in the general population. The objective of the study was to examine the associations of education and income with SHS exposure among non-smoking pregnant women in Japan.
methodsWe analyzed data from 11,615 non-smoking pregnant women in Japan who participated in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study from 2013 to 2017. SHS exposure was defined as indoor exposure to someone else's cigarette smoke ≥ 1 day/week during pregnancy. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine whether pregnant women's educational attainment or equivalent household income was associated with SHS exposure, adjusting for covariates. Stratified analyses by work status were also conducted.
resultsThe prevalence of SHS exposure during pregnancy was 32.6%; 27.6% among non-working women and 35.8% among working women. Lower educational attainment was associated with an increased risk of SHS exposure; the odds ratio of high school education or lower compared with university education or higher was 1.87 (95% confidence interval, 1.66-2.10). Lower equivalent household income was associated with an increased risk of SHS exposure; the odds ratio of the lowest compared with the highest level of income was 1.53 (95% confidence interval, 1.35-1.74). These associations did not differ between non-working women and working women. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: Associations of education and income with SHS exposure imply that educational interventions and financial incentives are needed for pregnant women and their household smokers.
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