ArticleMicrosystems & nanoengineering2023
Iontophoresis-driven microneedle patch for the active transdermal delivery of vaccine macromolecules.
Article in Microsystems & nanoengineering, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Driving Drugs Deeper: Force-Driven Microneedle Systems for Active Therapy and Their Road Towards Clinical Implementation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- [An integrated electrical stimulation-drug iontophoresis-monitoring system for tendon injury repair].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026Article
- Barrier-disrupting microneedle technology: Overcoming physical, physiological, and pathological skin defenses to enhance therapeutic efficacy.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Research Progress of Microneedles in Vaccine Delivery.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and Research Advances in Drug Delivery Systems for Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Review
- Microneedle Mediated Gas Delivery for Rapid Separation, Enhanced Drug Penetration, and Combined Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Technologies, and Clinical Applications.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Review
- Ionic liquids self-assembled micelles for transdermal delivery: characterization, functions and applications.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Review
- Recent advances in electric-stimulus assisted microneedle patches for skin disease treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- High-precision transdermal drug delivery enabled by a dual-pump parallel valveless piezoelectric micropump integrated with hollow microneedles.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Article
- Enhanced transdermal delivery of pioglitazone hydrochloride via conductive hydrogel microneedles combined with iontophoresis.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Article
- Iontophoresis and electroporation-assisted microneedles: advancements and therapeutic potentials in transdermal drug delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Can breakthroughs in dermal and transdermal macromolecule delivery surmount existing barriers and revolutionize future therapeutics?Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Advancements in Wearable and Implantable BioMEMS Devices: Transforming Healthcare Through Technology.Micromachines · 2025Review
- Recent advances in iontophoresis-assisted microneedle devices for transdermal biosensing and drug delivery.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Paper battery powered iontophoresis microneedles patch for hypertrophic scar treatment.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Article
- Toolkit for integrating millimeter-sized microfluidic biomedical devices with multiple membranes and electrodes.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Article
- Microneedle-Mediated Treatment of Obesity.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Leveraging Microneedles for Raised Scar Management.Polymers · 2025Review
- Iontophoretic Delivery of Hyaluronic Acid Nanogel-Loaded Fermented Rice Extract Mitigates Skin Glycation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 has seriously threatened public health, and transdermal vaccination is an effective way to prevent pathogen infection. Microneedles (MNs) can damage the stratum corneum to allow passive diffusion of vaccine macromolecules, but the delivery efficiency is low, while iontophoresis can actively promote transdermal delivery but fails to transport vaccine macromolecules due to the barrier of the stratum corneum. Herein, we developed a wearable iontophoresis-driven MN patch and its iontophoresis-driven device for active and efficient transdermal vaccine macromolecule delivery. Polyacrylamide/chitosan hydrogels with good biocompatibility, excellent conductivity, high elasticity, and a large loading capacity were prepared as the key component for vaccine storage and active iontophoresis. The transdermal vaccine delivery strategy of the iontophoresis-driven MN patch is "press and poke, iontophoresis-driven delivery, and immune response". We demonstrated that the synergistic effect of MN puncture and iontophoresis significantly promoted transdermal vaccine delivery efficiency. In vitro experiments showed that the amount of ovalbumin delivered transdermally using the iontophoresis-driven MN patch could be controlled by the iontophoresis current. In vivo immunization studies in BALB/c mice demonstrated that transdermal inoculation of ovalbumin using an iontophoresis-driven MN patch induced an effective immune response that was even stronger than that of traditional intramuscular injection. Moreover, there was little concern about the biosafety of the iontophoresis-driven MN patch. This delivery system has a low cost, is user-friendly, and displays active delivery, showing great potential for vaccine self-administration at home.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.