ArticleEducational research review2023
The impact of Covid-19 on student achievement: Evidence from a recent meta-analysis.
Article in Educational research review, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pre-Pandemic Prevalence of Post COVID-19 Condition Symptoms in Adolescents.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Pooled it
- The COVID-19 pandemic and adolescents' and young adults' experiences at school: A systematic narrative review.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Italian primary school children's learning: A systematic review through a psycho-social lens.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19-related school closures and students' achievement and motivation: Did teacher support make a difference.NPJ science of learning · 2026Article
- Changes in Bullying Victimization Among High School Students in the United States, 2009-2023: Role of the COVID-19 Pandemic.The Journal of school health · 2026Article
- A family-centered digital intervention for parents of at-risk middle-school students.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- Changes in Child and Youth Mental Health Following the Return To In-Person Learning Post-COVID-19 Pandemic.Current psychiatry reports · 2025Review
- Modeling the impact of hospitalization-induced behavioral changes on the spread of COVID-19 in New York City.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Impact of Cost-Effective Digital Slide Platform on Grades of Romanian Veterinary Students.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Relationships Between Psychological Health and Academic Performance Among Undergraduate Students in the Third Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring computer vision syndrome among primary school students in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- The Role of Need for Cognition and Its Interaction with Fluid Intelligence in the Prediction of School Grades in Primary School Children.Journal of Intelligence · 2025Article
- Investigation into the Impact of Online Learning and the Pandemic on Student Use of Mechanistic Arrows.Journal of chemical education · 2025Article
- Assessing COVID-19-Related Psychological Distress: Validation of the AMICO Scale in Spanish Nursing University Students.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- COVID-19, school closures, and student learning outcomes. New global evidence from PISA.NPJ science of learning · 2025Article
- Article
- Social isolation during adolescence differentially affects spatial learning in adult male and female mice.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Factors influencing secondary school students' nutrition, mindfulness, and academic performance in Nan Province, Thailand.PloS one · 2025Article
- Psychological and Academic Adaptation Through Universal Ethnic Studies Classes: Results of a Natural Experiment.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2024Article
- Youth Mental Health in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Delaware journal of public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This work attempts to synthetize existing research about the impact of Covid-19 school closure on student achievement. It extends previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses by (a) using a more balanced sample in terms of country composition, (b) considering new moderators (type of data and research design), and (c) including studies on tertiary education students in addition to primary and secondary education students. Our meta-analysis findings show that the pandemic had, on average, a detrimental effect on learning. The magnitude of this learning deficit (about 0.19 standard deviations of student achievement) appears to be roughly comparable to that suffered by students who have experienced a significant disruption in their schooling due to a major natural disaster (e.g., Hurricane Katrina). Students are also found to have lost more ground in math/science than in other subjects. Additionally, one year or more after the first lockdown, students seem to have been unable to catch up on unfinished learning from the pandemic. This result suggests that more efforts should be made to ensure students recover their missed learning in order to avoid negative long-term consequences for them and society.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.