ArticlePharmaceutics2023
DLin-MC3-Containing mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles Induce an Antibody Th2-Biased Immune Response Polarization in a Delivery Route-Dependent Manner in Mice.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- From legacy to innovation: A comprehensive review of vaccine platforms against viral infections.Virus research · 2026Review
- In vivo genome editing of human haematopoietic stem cells for treatment of blood disorders using mRNA delivery.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- mRNA therapeutics: Transforming medicine through innovation in design, delivery, and disease treatment.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Machine learning-assisted design of immunomodulatory lipid nanoparticles for delivery of mRNA to repolarize hyperactivated microglia.Drug delivery · 2025Article
- Genosomes: An Introspection into Transfection, Future Perspectives and Applications.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2025Review
- Leveraging mRNA technology for antigen based immuno-oncology therapies.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Editorial on Special Issue "State-of-Art in mRNA Therapeutics and Gene Delivery".Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- mRNA-based HIV-1 vaccines.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Optimizing mRNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles as a Potential Tool for Protein-Replacement Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
mRNA-based vaccines have made a leap forward since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and are currently used to develop anti-infectious therapies. If the selection of a delivery system and an optimized mRNA sequence are two key factors to reach in vivo efficacy, the optimal administration route for those vaccines remains unclear. We investigated the influence of lipid components and immunization route regarding the intensity and quality of humoral immune responses in mice. The immunogenicity of HIV-p55Gag encoded mRNA encapsulated into D-Lin-MC3-DMA or GenVoy-ionizable lipid-based LNPs was compared after intramuscular or subcutaneous routes. Three sequential mRNA vaccines were administrated followed by a heterologous boost composed of p24-HIV protein antigen. Despite equivalent IgG kinetic profiles of general humoral responses, IgG1/IgG2a ratio analysis showed a Th2/Th1 balance toward a Th1-biased cellular immune response when both LNPs were administrated via the intramuscular route. Surprisingly, a Th2-biased antibody immunity was observed when DLin-containing vaccine was injected subcutaneously. A protein-based vaccine boost appeared to reverse this balance to a cellular-biased response correlated to an increase in antibody avidity. Our finding suggests that the intrinsic adjuvant effect of ionizable lipids appears to be dependent on the delivery route used, which could be relevant to reach potent and long-lasting immunity after mRNA-based immunization.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.