ArticlePharmaceutics2023
Does Green Exfoliation of Graphene Produce More Biocompatible Structures?
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current understanding and future scope of nanotechnology enabled epidermal care using cosmetics and cosmeceuticals.Discover nano · 2026Review
- In vitro toxicity assessment of graphene quantum dots using a 3D HepG2 model.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Structure-Biomedical Activity Relationship of Tunable Ceria-Graphene Nanocomposites Leading to Divergent Cellular Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- N-Doped Graphene for Biomedical Applications: A Comparative Biocompatibility Assessment of Green and Chemical Exfoliation.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Article
- Structure-Function Studies of Glucose Oxidase in the Presence of Carbon Nanotubes and Bio-Graphene for the Development of Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Graphene has been studied thoroughly for its use in biomedical applications over the last decades. A crucial factor for a material to be used in such applications is its biocompatibility. Various factors affect the biocompatibility and toxicity of graphene structures, including lateral size, number of layers, surface functionalization, and way of production. In this work, we tested that the green production of few-layer bio-graphene (bG) enhances its biocompatibility compared to chemical-graphene (cG). When tested against three different cell lines in terms of MTT assays, both materials proved to be well-tolerated at a wide range of doses. However, high doses of cG induce long-term toxicity and have a tendency for apoptosis. Neither bG nor cG induced ROS generation or cell cycle modifications. Finally, both materials affect the expression of inflammatory proteins such as Nrf2, NF-kB and HO-1 but further research is required for a safe result. In conclusion, although there is little to choose between bG and cG, bG's sustainable way of production makes it a much more attractive and promising candidate for biomedical applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.