ArticlePharmaceutics2023
Ex Vivo Visualization of Distribution of Intravitreal Injections in the Porcine Vitreous and Hydrogels Simulating the Vitreous.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vitrectomy Status Alters Early Intravitreal Drug Distribution: An Ex Vivo PET-CT Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Replacing the vitreous body with hydrogels: Rationale and strategies.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- Dose-ranging and further therapeutic evaluation of a bicistronic humanized TrkB-BDNF gene therapy for glaucoma in rodents.Molecular neurodegeneration advances · 2025Article
- Development of ARPE-19-Equipped Ocular Cell Model for In Vitro Investigation on Ophthalmic Formulations.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Thermosensitive Intravitreal In Situ Implant of Cefuroxime Based on Poloxamer 407 and Hyaluronic Acid.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The characterization of intravitreal dosage forms with regard to their behavior in vivo is usually explored in preclinical development through animal studies. In vitro vitreous substitutes (VS) to simulate the vitreous body for preclinical investigations have so far been insufficiently studied. To determine a distribution or concentration in the mostly gel-like VS, extraction of the gels is required in many cases. This destroys the gels, which makes a continuous investigation of the distribution impossible. In this work, the distribution of a contrast agent in hyaluronic acid agar gels and polyacrylamide gels was studied by magnetic resonance imaging and compared with the distribution in ex vivo porcine vitreous. The porcine vitreous served as a surrogate for human vitreous since both are similar in their physicochemical properties. It was shown that both gels do not completely represent the porcine vitreous body, but the distribution in the polyacrylamide gel is similar to that in the porcine vitreous body. In contrast, the distribution throughout the hyaluronic acid agar gel is much faster. It was also shown that anatomical features such as the lens and the interfacial tension to the anterior eye chamber could have an influence on the distribution that is difficult to reproduce using in vitro VS. However, with the presented method, new in vitro VS can be investigated continuously without destruction in the future, and thus their suitability as a substitute for the human vitreous can be verified.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.