SynthesisNutrients2023
Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis on the Relationship between Different Gluten Doses and Risk of Coeliac Disease Relapse.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gastrointestinal and Extraintestinal Symptoms Among Subjects With Celiac Disease Undergoing a Dose-Specified Gluten Challenge: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2026Pooled it
- Metabolite signature of human malignant thyroid tissue: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Food as Friend or Foe: A Decadal Narrative Review of Dietary Patterns as Determinants of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology and Clinical Outcomes (2015-2025).International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Limited Availability and Higher Cost of Gluten-Free Foods Continue in the United Kingdom: A Comparative Follow-Up Over More Than a Decade.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Article
- Gluten contamination in commercially available gluten-free products in Jordan: a cross-sectional market surveillance study with public health implications.Journal of nutritional science · 2026Article
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Cross-Contact: How Much is too Much?Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Evaluation of genetic association between celiac disease and type 1 diabetes.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Global Approach to Follow-Up of Celiac Disease.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Gluten-Free Diet and Other Celiac Disease Therapies: Current Understanding and Emerging Strategies.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Celiac Disease: Risks of Cross-Contamination and Strategies for Gluten Removal in Food Environments.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Deep-Dive Directions for Dietitians (DDDDs): a roadmap for the nutritional management of poorly responsive coeliac disease patients.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gluten proteins are known as immunological triggers for inflammation resulting in mucosal lesions in patients with coeliac disease (CD). Adherence to a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) is currently known as the only effective treatment for CD. In this study, we performed a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis on data from previous studies to investigate the association between different gluten doses administered and the risk of CD relapse. Electronic databases were systematically searched to retrieve studies that investigated the response of CD patients to different amounts of gluten intake and evaluated the clinical, serologic, and/or histologic evidence to recognize disease relapse. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) were combined using a random effects model. A total of 440 identified published papers were screened, of which 7 records were selected following full-text reviewing and eligibility assessment for dose-response meta-analysis. According to our analysis, the risk of CD relapse is estimated to be 0.2% (RR: 1.002; 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.004) following the consumption of 6 mg gluten/day, which was increased to 7% (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.10), 50% (RR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.82), 80% (RR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.36 to 2.38), and 100% (RR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.43 to 2.78) by the daily intake of 150, 881, 1276, and 1505 mg gluten, respectively. Although good adherence to a GFD can adequately control CD-related symptoms, disease relapse might happen even with a very low dose of gluten, and the duration of exposure to gluten is also an important matter. The current literature has substantial limitations, such as relying on the data from just a few countries that were different in terms of the amount of gluten administered, the duration of the challenge, etc. Therefore, more randomized clinical trials using a standardized gluten challenge protocol are needed to confirm the findings of the present study.
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