SynthesisNutrients2023
Soy Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protein intake and cardiovascular diseases: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline on protein intake of the German Nutrition Society.European journal of nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of soy isoflavones supplementation on metabolic status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial.BMC public health · 2024Trial
- Article
- Physicochemical, Structural, and Nutritional Properties of Termite Mushroom-Fortified Tofu and Its Antioxidant Activity During In Vitro Digestion.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Types of Soy Foods Are Differently Associated With Lipid Abnormalities in Korean Adults.Journal of lipid and atherosclerosis · 2026Article
- Selected Nutraceuticals in Metabolic Syndrome: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Associations between dietary isoflavones and subtypes intakes and the risk of new-onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults: a prospective cohort study from the Chinese health and nutrition survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Adherence to Portfolio diet and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a population-based prospective cohort study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Dynamic polyphenolic profiling of soybean seeds and leaves during developmental stages.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of Consumption of Non-fermented and Fermented Soy Foods with Obesity in Korean Adults: Analysis of Data from the KoGES-HEXA Study.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Nutritional Quality, Safety and Environmental Benefits of Alternative Protein Sources-An Overview.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Article
- Phenotypic characterization of soybean genetic resources at multiple locations: breeding implications for enhancing environmental resilience, yield and protein content.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Hypoglycemic Ability of Sericin-Derived Oligopeptides (SDOs) fromFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Protein and Amino Acid Adequacy and Food Consumption by Processing Level in Vegans in Brazil.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- GαJournal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Sirtfood intake in relation to the 10-year risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: a population-based cohort study.Nutrition & metabolism · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Soy is rich in plant protein, isoflavones, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. To clarify the associations between soy intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) events, we performed a meta-analysis and review. A total of 1963 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 29 articles with 16,521 T2D and 54,213 CVDs events were identified by the eligibility criteria. During a follow-up of 2.5-24 years, the risk of T2D, CVDs, coronary heart disease, and stroke in participants with the highest soy consumption decreased by 17% (total relative risk (TRR) = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74-0.93), 13% (TRR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81-0.94), 21% (TRR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71-0.88), and 12% (TRR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79-0.99), respectively, compared to the lowest sot consumption. A daily intake of 26.7 g of tofu reduced CVDs risk by 18% (TRR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74-0.92) and 11.1 g of natto lowered the risk of CVDs by 17% (TRR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.78-0.89), especially stroke. This meta-analysis demonstrated that soy consumption was negatively associated with the risks of T2D and CVDs and a specific quantity of soy products was the most beneficial for the prevention of T2D and CVDs. This study has been registered on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022360504).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.