ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2023
An Individuality of Response to Cannabinoids: Challenges in Safety and Efficacy of Cannabis Products.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in neurological conditions: a systematic review of clinical trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Cannabigerol and standardized full-spectrum cannabis extract effects in acute and chronic inflammatory pain models.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol in Food and Food Supplements: Drug, Novel Food and Hazard Triangle.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Short-Term Daily Oral Administration of Cannabidiol Does Not Impact Rebound Tonometry Intraocular Pressure or Schirmer Tear Test Values in Healthy Adult Horses.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Cannabis use by people with HIV is associated with an anti-inflammatory immunometabolic phenotype in monocyte-derived macrophages.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol dose modulates behavioral response to acute and repeated administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol by strain and sex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cannabinoid Signaling and Autophagy in Oral Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Phytochemical Profile, Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Industrial Hemp (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- ABCB1 polymorphisms are associated with clinical response to nabiximols in patients with multiple sclerosis-related spasticity.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- A Meta-Narrative Review of Channelopathies and Cannabis: Mechanistic, Epidemiologic, and Forensic Insights into Arrhythmia and Sudden Cardiac Death.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Marked Tachycardia, complete right bundle branch block, and lactic acidosis following ingestion of Cannabidiol (CBD) gummies: A case report.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- The Anticonvulsant Effects of Different Cannabis Extracts in a Zebrafish Model of Epilepsy.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- The Role of Tetrahydrocurcumin in Tumor and Neurodegenerative Diseases Through Anti-Inflammatory Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Fibromyalgia.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Extraction of Cannabinoids and Terpenes from Hemp Flowers and Leaves (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Young Age and Concomitant Cannabis (THC) and Ethanol (EtOH) Exposure Enhances Rat Brain Damage Through Decreased Cerebral Mitochondrial Respiration.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hypothesized pharmacogenomic and medication influences on tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol metabolism in a cohort of unselected oral cannabis users.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Toxicological evaluation and preliminary phytochemical characterisation of a NigerianIranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2025Article
- Whole Plant Cannabinoid Nonpharmaceutical Treatment Protocols for a Young Male With Dravet Syndrome.Journal of chiropractic medicine · 2025Article
- Adverse events associated with the use of cannabis-based products in people living with cancer: a systematic scoping review.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since legalization, cannabis/marijuana has been gaining considerable attention as a functional ingredient in food. ∆-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other cannabinoids are key bioactive compounds with health benefits. The oral consumption of cannabis transports much less hazardous chemicals than smoking. Nevertheless, the response to cannabis is biphasically dose-dependent (hormesis; a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition) with wide individuality in responses. Thus, the exact same dose and preparation of cannabis may be beneficial for some but toxic to others. The purpose of this review is to highlight the concept of individual variations in response to cannabinoids, which leads to the challenge of establishing standard safe doses of cannabis products for the general population. The mechanisms of actions, acute and chronic toxicities, and factors affecting responses to cannabis products are updated. Based on the literature review, we found that the response to cannabis products depends on exposure factors (delivery route, duration, frequency, and interactions with food and drugs), individual factors (age, sex), and susceptibility factors (genetic polymorphisms of cannabinoid receptor gene, N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing enzymes, THC-metabolizing enzymes, and epigenetic regulations). Owing to the individuality of responses, the safest way to use cannabis-containing food products is to start low, go slow, and stay low.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.