ArticleMicromachines2023
Formulation and Evaluation of Xanthan Gum Microspheres for the Sustained Release of Metformin Hydrochloride.
Article in Micromachines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fabrication of pantoprazole-loaded microsphere clusters with enteric and mucoadhesive properties for enhanced ulcer targeting.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Bridging bioactive metabolites ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Treating Burn Infections With Topical Delivery of Positively Charged Norfloxacin-Loaded Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles.Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation · 2025Article
- Cutting-Edge Developments and Patent Trends in Microspheres Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Overview.Recent patents on nanotechnology · 2025Review
- From Green Chemistry to Healthy Environments: Silver Nanoparticles as a Dual Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agents for Advancing Biomedicine and Sustainable Wastewater Treatment.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Extracellular Matrix-Surrogate Advanced Functional Composite Biomaterials for Tissue Repair and Regeneration.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Review
- Formulation and Evaluation of Polysaccharide Microparticles for the Controlled Release of Propranolol Hydrochloride.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Article
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- Microbial Exopolysaccharide Composites in Biomedicine and Healthcare: Trends and Advances.Polymers · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This work aimed to formulate xanthan gum microspheres for the encapsulation of metformin hydrochloride, according to the process of ionotropic gelation. The obtained microparticles, based on various fractions of xanthan gum (0.5-1.25), were subjected to different physico-chemical tests and a drug release study. Microspheres with an average size varying between 110.96 μm and 208.27 μm were obtained. Encapsulation efficiency reached 93.11% at a 1.25% biopolymer concentration. The swelling study showed a swelling rate reaching 29.8% in the gastric medium (pH 1.2) and 360% in the intestinal medium (pH 6.8). The drug release studies showed complete metformin hydrochloride release from the beads, especially those prepared from xanthan gum at the concentration of 1.25%, in intestinal medium at 90.00% after 6 h. However, limited and insignificant drug release was observed within the gastric medium (32.50%). The dissolution profiles showed sustained release kinetics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.