ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2023
Dealing with the Persistent Pathogenic Issues of Dry Eye Disease: The Importance of External and Internal Stimuli and Tissue Responses.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of OTX-101 0.09% ciclosporin solution on clinical signs of dry eye disease in patients with moderate-to-severe corneal damage: a post-hoc analysis of randomized clinical trials.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Trial
- Review
- Dry Eye Disease: From Causes to Patient Care and Clinical Collaboration-A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Review
- Parainflammation in the Ocular System: Considerations on the Underlying Mechanisms and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Review
- Review
- Dry Eye Para-Inflammation Management: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence on a Novel 0.2% Hyaluronic Acid-Based Tear Substitute with 0.001% Hydrocortisone Sodium Phosphate.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Review
- Multidimensional immunotherapy for dry eye disease: current status and future directions.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Treatment of Dry Eye Disease (DED) in Asia: Strategies for Short Tear Film Breakup Time-Type DED.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system plays a central role in protecting the ocular surface from exogenous and endogenous insults, maintaining tissue homeostasis thanks to the mechanism of para-inflammation. This physiological adaptive response may induce resident macrophages/monocytes to produce cytokines and growth factors in order to promote epithelial cell recovery. In case of well-controlled para-inflammation, caused by a low amount of stress, cell viability and function are maintained. When stress becomes too intense, there is a response characterized by the activation of autophagic pathways and consequent cell death. Dysregulated homeostasis and chronic sub-clinical inflammation are the starting points for the development of a stable, chronic inflammatory disease, which leads to ocular surface damage, and, in turn, to the onset or progression of chronic dry eye disease (DED). The long-term management of DED should consider all of the pathogenic issues involved in the disease, including the control of persistent external or internal stresses that are capable of activating and maintaining the para-inflammatory adaptive mechanisms, potentially leading to full-blown inflammation. Dysregulated para-inflammation can be corrected by means of the prolonged use of tear substitutes containing minimal doses of safe corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory molecules (e.g., corticosteroid, cyclosporine) in order to re-equilibrate ocular surface homeostasis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.