ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Expression of Androgen and Estrogen Receptors in the Human Lacrimal Gland.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy of Shatavari Ghrita eye drops with Shatavari Ksheerapaka versus Triphala Ghrita eye drops with Shatavari Ksheerapaka in postmenopausal ocular surface disease: a randomized, single-blind trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Trial
- Review
- Sexual Dimorphism Is Associated With Corneal Nerve and Epithelial Alterations and Tear-Film Defects in Pax6 Haploinsufficiency Mouse Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Current and Developing Therapeutics for Dry Eye Disease: Targeting Ion Channels.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Molecular landscape connecting complications of dry eye disease: mechanisms, therapeutic targets, biomarkers, and future innovations.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Immuno-inflammatory axis of menopausal dry eye: from hormonal fluctuations to ocular surface dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in the Lacrimal Gland: Implications for Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Influence of Tear Film Quality on Visual Function.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Special Issue "The Molecular and Cellular Pathophysiologic Mechanisms Underlying Ocular Diseases and Emerging Therapies".International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Pathohistological features of the aging human lacrimal gland.Croatian medical journal · 2023Observational
- Impacts of gender and age on meibomian gland in aged people using artificial intelligence.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lacrimal gland dysfunction causes dry eye disease (DED) due to decreased tear production. Aqueous-deficient DED is more prevalent in women, suggesting that sexual dimorphism of the human lacrimal gland could be a potential cause. Sex steroid hormones are a key factor in the development of sexual dimorphism. This study aimed to quantify estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) expression in the human lacrimal gland and compare it between sexes. RNA was isolated from 35 human lacrimal gland tissue samples collected from 19 cornea donors. AR, ERα, and ERβ mRNA was identified in all samples, and their expression was quantified using qPCR. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on selected samples to evaluate protein expression of the receptors. ERα mRNA expression was significantly higher than the expression of AR and ERβ. No difference in sex steroid hormone (SSH) receptor mRNA expression was observed between sexes, and no correlation was observed with age. If ERα protein expression is found to be concordant with mRNA expression, it should be investigated further as a potential target for hormone therapy of DED. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of sex steroid hormone receptors in sex-related differences of lacrimal gland structure and disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.