ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Iron Deficiency and Nephrotoxic Heavy Metals: A Dangerous Interplay?
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioavailability of and US Infant Exposure to Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyls from Human Milk and Infant Formula: Results from a Series of Systematic Reviews.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Major heavy metals and human gut microbiota composition: a systematic review with nutritional approach.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Ascorbic Acid as a Dual Therapeutic and Preventive Agent against Lead and Cadmium Toxicity: Evidence from Controlled Quail Experiments.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- A zebrafish luminescent biosensor for kidney tubulopathy, metal toxicity and drug screening.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Article
- Joint exposure to plasma heavy metals and the risk of kidney graft failure.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026Article
- Anaemia, anthropometric status and associated factors among electronic waste recyclers, women and children residents of Agbogbloshie, Ghana.Discover public health · 2026Article
- Biomonitoring of heavy metal exposure and determinants of occupational risk in welders in Arba Minch Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mediation and moderation by inflammation and dietary patterns in heavy metal exposure effects on kidney function.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy and related complications with specific insight in Rivers State, Nigeria: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Iron Metabolism, Calcium, Magnesium and Trace Elements: A Review.Biological trace element research · 2025Review
- Iron Deficiency, Cadmium Levels, and Kidney Transplant Outcomes in Prevalent Kidney Transplant Recipients.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
- Associations between heavy metal exposure and vascular age: a large cross-sectional study.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Effects of heavy metal exposure on kidney transplant recipients: mechanisms and clinical implications for graft failure risk.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Anemia in Pregnancy With CKD.Kidney international reports · 2024Review
- Cadmium Induces Kidney Iron Deficiency and Chronic Kidney Injury by Interfering with the Iron Metabolism in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Heavy metals are common in our environment, and all individuals are exposed to them to some extent. These toxic metals have several harmful effects on the body, including the kidney, which is a very sensitive organ. Indeed, heavy metal exposure has been linked to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progression, which may be explained by the well-established nephrotoxic effects of these metals. In this hypothesis and narrative literature review, we will shed light on the potential role that another highly common problem in patients with CKD, iron deficiency, may play in the damaging effects of heavy metal exposure in this patient group. Iron deficiency has previously been linked with an increased uptake of heavy metals in the intestine due to the upregulation of iron receptors that also take up other metals. Furthermore, recent research suggests a role of iron deficiency in the retention of heavy metals in the kidney. Therefore, we hypothesize that iron deficiency plays a crucial role in the damaging effects of heavy metal exposure in patients with CKD and that iron supplementation might be a strategy to combat these detrimental processes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.