ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins in CKD: An Improved Approach for the Evaluation of Serum Indoxyl Sulfate in Clinical Practice.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Simultaneous quantification of total and free protein-bound uremic toxins in serum by LC-MS/MS: method development, validation, and clinical application in hemodialysis patients.BMC chemistry · 2026Article
- Review
- Gut-Derived Metabolomic Biomarkers as Mediators of the Inflammatory Pathway in Early Diabetic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- From Physicochemical Classification to Multidimensional Insights: A Comprehensive Review of Uremic Toxin Research.Toxins · 2025Review
- The role of the intestinal microbiome in cognitive decline in patients with kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Review
- Association between serum total indoxyl sulfate, intraperitoneal inflammation, and peritoneal dialysis technique failure: a 3-year prospective cohort study.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Study of Woad (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Determination of indoxyl sulfate by spectrofluorimetric method in human plasma through extraction with deep eutectic solvent.BMC chemistry · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the past years, indoxyl sulfate has been strongly implicated in kidney disease progression and contributed to cardiovascular morbidity. Moreover, as a result of its elevated albumin affinity rate, indoxyl sulfate is not adequately cleared by extracorporeal therapies. Within this scenario, although LC-MS/MS represents the conventional approach for IS quantification, it requires dedicated equipment and expert skills and does not allow real-time analysis. In this pilot study, we implemented a fast and simple technology designed to determine serum indoxyl sulfate levels that can be integrated into clinical practice. Indoxyl sulfate was detected at the time of enrollment by Tandem MS from 25 HD patients and 20 healthy volunteers. Next, we used a derivatization reaction to transform the serum indoxyl sulfate into Indigo blue. Thanks to the spectral shift to blue, its quantity was measured by the colorimetric assay at a wavelength of 420-450 nm. The spectrophotometric analysis was able to discriminate the levels of IS between healthy subjects and HD patients corresponding to the LC-MS/MS. In addition, we found a strong linear relationship between indoxyl sulfate levels and Indigo levels between the two methods (Tandem MS and spectrophotometry). This innovative method in the assessment of gut-derived indoxyl sulfate could represent a valid tool for clinicians to monitor CKD progression and dialysis efficacy.
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