SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023
Does Physical Exercise Enhance the Immune Response after Vaccination? A Systematic Review for Clinical Indications of COVID-19 Vaccine.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of TH1/TH2 cells in older adults: a systematic review.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Chrono-optimizing vaccine administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Moving for optimal immunity: the effect of acute high-intensity interval training on phenotype, virus specificity and chemokine receptor expression in human CD8+ T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Immunomodulatory, inflammatory, functional and biomechanical benefits of chronic exercise in physically active vs. insufficiently active older after fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose: nine months cohort.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- The Immune System as a Biosensor of Health and Athletic Performance.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Review
- Cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity and risk of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 hospitalization: the HUNT study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The influence of structured physical activity on vaccination response from adults to older individuals: a systematic review on the Immunoinflammatory crosstalk of COVID-19.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- Article
- The Effect of Exercise on Immune Response in Population with Increased Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2024Review
- Cellular Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Nested Case-Control Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Vaccinomics and adversomics: key elements for a personalized vaccinology.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStimulating protective immunity with vaccines appears to be the most promising option for providing widespread moderate to high protection against COVID-19 in people over the age of 18. Regular exercise improves the immune response, transmitting possible benefits against virus infections. The aim of this review is to study the effects of physical activity on vaccine injections, helping to develop new recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination campaigns.
methodsA comprehensive review of the existing literature was undertaken using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The internal quality of the studies was assessed according to the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The outcomes analyzed were antibody titer, the level of lymphocytes CD4, CD8, InterLeukin 6 (IL6), leukocytes level, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for overall pain rating, arm and forearm circumferences and volume of oxygen (VO2) peak.
resultsFourteen articles were selected for the analysis. The majority of studies were randomized controlled trials (RCT) (
conclusionsThe immune response (antibody titers) depends on age, gender and the intensity of physical activity: long-term protocols at moderate intensity are the most recommended. All of these aspects also have to be carefully considered for the COVID-19 vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.