ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023
Lead Exposure Can Affect Early Childhood Development and Could Be Aggravated by Stunted Growth: Perspectives from Mexico.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Maternal Anemia and Pediatric Neurodevelopment in Children from Mothers Exposed to Mixed Heavy Metals in Suriname.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Adapting, piloting, and evaluating a pediatric lead screening and risk-reduction intervention in Nairobi: A hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial protocol.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Electrochemical sensor based on iron-based metal-organic framework nanocomposite derived from acid mine drainage for the detection of lead (II) ions in water.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
- Lead exposure across early life in Latin America and the Caribbean: prevention strategies and reproductive health considerations.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Review
- Global, regional, and national burden of lead-attributable intellectual developmental disability in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021, with projections up to 2040: the global burden of disease 2021 study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Lead Poisoning in the Americas: Sources, Regulations, Health Impacts, and Molecular Mechanisms.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Developmental Pb exposure increases rate of forgetting on a delayed matching-to-sample task among Mexican children.Science advances · 2025Article
- Blood Lead Levels in Children 5 to 7 Years of Age from the Republic of Georgia: A Feasibility Study on Lead Surveillance Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLead can affect early childhood development (ECD) differentially due to nutritional deficiencies that lead to stunted growth, defined as being at least two standard deviations below the average height-for-age. These deficiencies are more frequent among children living in rural locations or with lower socioeconomic status (SES); however, studies at a population level are scarce worldwide. Early childhood development plays a crucial role in influencing a child's health and wellbeing throughout life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze how stunted growth can modify the association between lead exposure and ECD in children from disadvantaged communities.
methodsData were analyzed from the 2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey in localities with fewer than 100,000 inhabitants in Mexico (ENSANUT-100K). Capillary blood lead (BPb) levels were measured using a LeadCare II device and dichotomized as detectable (cutoff point ≥ 3.3 µg/dL) and non-detectable. As a measure of ECD, language development was assessed in
resultsFifty percent of children had detectable BPb and 15.3% had stunted growth. BPb showed a marginal inverse association with language z-scores (β: -0.08, 95% CI: -0.53, 0.36). Children with detectable BPb and stunted growth had significantly lower language z-scores (β: -0.40, 95% CI: -0.71, -0.10) than those without stunted growth (β: -0.15, 95% CI: -0.36, 0.06).
conclusionsChildren with stunted growth are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of lead exposure. These results add to previous research calling for action to reduce lead exposure, particularly in children with chronic undernutrition.
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