Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36981427›Full record

ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2023

More Stages Decrease Dissipation in Irreversible Step Processes.

Peter Salamon, Bjarne Andresen, James Nulton, Ty N F Roach, Forest Rohwer

Open access · goldFull text read
In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 42% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Peter SalamonDepartment of Mathematics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6274-406X
Bjarne AndresenNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0003-2657-3424
James NultonDepartment of Mathematics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
Ty N F RoachDepartment of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
Forest RohwerDepartment of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
San Diego State University · USUniversity of Copenhagen · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The dissipation in an irreversible step process is reduced when the number of steps is increased in any refinement of the steps in the process. This is a consequence of the ladder theorem, which states that, for any irreversible process proceeding by a sequence of relaxations, dividing any relaxation step into two will result in a new sequence that is more efficient than the original one. This results in a more-steps-the-better rule, even when the new sequence of steps is not reoptimized. This superiority of many steps is well established empirically in, e.g., insulation and separation applications. In particular, the fact that the division of any step into two steps improves the overall efficiency has interesting implications for biological evolution and emphasizes thermodynamic length as a central measure for dissipation.

Indexed as

minimizing dissipationrelaxationsequential processesstep processesthermodynamic length

Identifiers

PMID36981427
PMCPMC10048515
OpenAlexW4328125642

What OpenQuestion holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
measurements read11
table measurements read8
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.