ReviewCancers2023
Addressing Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction and Plasticity in Cell-Based Cancer Therapeutics.
Review in Cancers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Selenium nanoparticles with bioorthogonal targeting to boost CAR-cell therapy for colorectal cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Current Developments of CAR-T and CAR-NK Cell Therapies for Ovarian Cancer.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Cell-free secretome of CD56Theranostics · 2026Article
- Hypoxic tumor microenvironment and immune cell dynamics: From metabolic reprogramming to therapeutic innovation.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Reprogramming natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment: Challenges and therapeutic opportunities.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2025Review
- Emerging combined CAR-NK cell therapies in cancer treatment: Finding a dancing partner.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Review
- The development and application of chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cells for cancer therapy: current state, challenges and emerging therapeutic advances.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Review
- Natural killer cell therapies.Nature · 2024Review
- The ovarian cancer-associated microbiome contributes to the tumor's inflammatory microenvironment.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Forks in the road for CAR T and CAR NK cell cancer therapies.Nature immunology · 2023Review
- Cancer Immunotherapy: Where Next?Cancers · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC), known for their role as killers of stressed, cancerous, and virally infected cells. Beyond this cytotoxic function, NK cell subsets can influence broader immune responses through cytokine production and have been linked to central roles in non-immune processes, such as the regulation of vascular remodeling in pregnancy and cancer. Attempts to exploit the anti-tumor functions of NK cells have driven the development of various NK cell-based therapies, which have shown promise in both pre-clinical disease models and early clinical trials. However, certain elements of the tumor microenvironment, such as elevated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, hypoxia, and indoalemine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), are known to suppress NK cell function, potentially limiting the longevity and activity of these approaches. Recent studies have also identified these factors as contributors to NK cell plasticity, defined by the conversion of classical cytotoxic NK cells into poorly cytotoxic, tissue-resident, or ILC1-like phenotypes. This review summarizes the current approaches for NK cell-based cancer therapies and examines the challenges presented by tumor-linked NK cell suppression and plasticity. Ongoing efforts to overcome these challenges are discussed, along with the potential utility of NK cell therapies to applications outside cancer.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.