ArticleCancers2023
High Intra-Tumor Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 Level as a Predictor of Poor Treatment Outcomes in Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma.
Article in Cancers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reciprocal signaling-metabolic crosstalk between fibroblasts and tumor cells drives cetuximab tolerance in head and neck cancers.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Article
- Decoding Gene Expression Changes in Cerebral Tumors: Before and After Radiotherapy.Medicinal research reviews · 2025Review
- Exploring the tumor microenvironment in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: immunological insights and therapeutic challenges.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- Expression Profiling of EMT Transcriptional Regulators ZEB1 and ZEB2 in Different Histopathological Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients.Current genomics · 2024Article
- Identification of Key Molecular Pathways and Associated Genes as Targets to Overcome Radiotherapy Resistance Using a Combination of Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy in Glioma Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Here, we report that tumor samples from newly diagnosed pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) patients express significantly higher levels of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) than control pons samples, which correlated with augmented expression of transcription factors that upregulate TGFB2 gene expression. Our study also demonstrated that RNA sequencing (RNAseq)-based high TGFB2 mRNA level is an indicator of poor prognosis for DIPG patients, but not for pediatric glioblastoma (GBM) patients or pediatric diffuse midline glioma (DMG) patients with tumor locations outside of the pons/brainstem. Notably, DIPG patients with high levels of TGFB2 mRNA expression in their tumor samples had significantly worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). By comparison, high levels of transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFB3) mRNA expression in tumor samples was associated with significantly better survival outcomes of DIPG patients, whereas high levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) expression was not prognostic. Our study fills a significant gap in our understanding of the clinical significance of high TGFB2 expression in pediatric high-grade gliomas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.