ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Relationship between Birth Order and Postnatal Growth until 4 Years of Age: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.
Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Long-term association between body size in adolescence or early adulthood and future fracture risk.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2025Article
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11 authors.
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Abstract
Later-borns tend to be shorter than first-borns in childhood and adulthood. However, large-scale prospective studies examining growth during infancy according to birth order are limited. We aimed to investigate the relationship between birth order and growth during the first 4 years of life in a Japanese prospective birth cohort study. A total of 26,249 full-term singleton births were targeted. General linear and multivariable logistic regression models were performed and adjusted for birth weight, parents' heights, maternal age at delivery, gestational weight gain, maternal smoking and alcohol drinking status during pregnancy, household income, breastfeeding status, and Study Areas. The multivariate adjusted mean length Z-scores in "first-borns having no sibling", "first-borns having siblings", "second-borns", and "third-borns or more" were -0.026, -0.013, 0.136, and 0.120 at birth and -0.324, -0.330, -0.466, and -0.569 at 10 months, respectively. Results similar to those at 10 months were observed at 1.5, 3, and 4 years. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of short stature at 4 years in "first-borns having siblings", "second-borns", and "third-borns or more" were 1.08 (0.84-1.39), 1.36 (1.13-1.62), and 1.50 (1.20-1.88), respectively, versus "first-borns having no sibling". Birth order was significantly associated with postnatal growth and may be a factor predisposing to short stature in early childhood.
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