ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Evaluation of Individuals with Non-Syndromic Global Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disability.
Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic aetiology of global developmental delay and intellectual disability in Africa: a scoping review.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Pooled it
- Identifying genetic causes and establishing a diagnostic approach for WES-negative pediatric population with neurodevelopmental disorder.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2026Article
- Article
- Quantitative susceptibility mapping reveals abnormal iron reduction in deep gray matter of children with global developmental delay.Pediatric radiology · 2026Article
- Decoding rare inherited metabolic disorders: advancing precision in screening and diagnosis.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2026Review
- Identification of Novel Co-OccurringThe application of clinical genetics · 2026Article
- Precision diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Screening, Diagnosis, and Investigation of Global Developmental Delay and Intellectual Developmental Disorder.Cureus · 2025Article
- Types and Diagnosis of Childhood Intellectual Disabilities: Advancing Accuracy for Better Outcomes.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Global developmental delay: comparison of developmental profiles between gene-positive/suspicious positive and gene-negative cases.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Article
- Diagnostic Approach to Children with Unexplained Global Developmental Delay in Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic.Neuropediatrics · 2025Observational
- Trio-whole exome sequencing reveals the importance of de novo variants in children with intellectual disability and developmental delay.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Comprehensive evaluation of the child with global developmental delays or intellectual disability.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2024Article
- Genetic and phenotypic analysis of 225 Chinese children with developmental delay and/or intellectual disability using whole-exome sequencing.BMC genomics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Global Developmental Delay (GDD) and Intellectual Disability (ID) are two of the most common presentations encountered by physicians taking care of children. GDD/ID is classified into non-syndromic GDD/ID, where GDD/ID is the sole evident clinical feature, or syndromic GDD/ID, where there are additional clinical features or co-morbidities present. Careful evaluation of children with GDD and ID, starting with detailed history followed by a thorough examination, remain the cornerstone for etiologic diagnosis. However, when initial history and examination fail to identify a probable underlying etiology, further genetic testing is warranted. In recent years, genetic testing has been shown to be the single most important diagnostic modality for clinicians evaluating children with non-syndromic GDD/ID. In this review, we discuss different genetic testing currently available, review common underlying copy-number variants and molecular pathways, explore the recent evidence and recommendations for genetic evaluation and discuss an approach to the diagnosis and management of children with non-syndromic GDD and ID.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.