ReviewBiomedicines2023
Training vs. Tolerance: The Yin/Yang of the Innate Immune System.
Review in Biomedicines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Convergent evolution of immune evasion in ESKAPE pathogens: A cross-pathogen architecture of conserved host-defense checkpoints.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2026Review
- Dissection of MAPK and NF-κB p65 signaling dynamics underlying LPS tolerance in macrophages at the single-cell level.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Exercise-specific plasma proteomic signatures in racehorses: Candidates for training adaptation and peak load monitoring.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Article
- LPS and β-Glucan Induce Differential Memory-like Inflammatory Responses with Enhanced Reactivity in Neonatal Neutrophils Compared to Adults.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Macrophages tune responses to pathogen dynamics through TLR4 stimulation memory and by licensing susceptibility to IL-10.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Priming innate immunity and long-term outcome.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Review
- Chromatin Remodeling and Transcriptional Silencing Define the Dynamic Innate Immune Response of Tissue Resident Macrophages After Burn Injury.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- Trained immunity: new paradigm in the immunological memory of cardiovascular disease.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Effects of Lipopolysaccharide Challenge on Growth Performance and Immune Function of Yellow-Feathered Broilers.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles: From Biogenesis, Isolation and Molecular Characterization to Addressing Translational Gaps and Regulatory Barriers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Low hypoxia tolerance as a determinant of the proinflammatory phenotype: a trained immunity perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut-derived small extracellular vesicles support trained innate immune tolerance in murine microglial cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Interactions between Innate Immune Memory and the Central Nervous System.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2026Review
- Reprogramming microglia in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: from pathological dysfunction to therapeutic restoration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- High Mobility Group Protein B1 Promotes Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 SUMOylation to Prime Trained Immunity of Circulating Monocytes and Aggravate the Progressive Synovial Inflammation in Knee Osteoarthritis.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Exercise and tissue-resident memory T cells: from circulating numbers to spatial immune remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Trained immunity using probiotics and inactivated pathogens enhances resistance to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection by activating the cGAS-STING signal pathway in mice and chickens.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Protection acquired upon intraperitoneal group aVirulence · 2025Article
- Hypoxia Supports LPS-Driven Tolerance and Functional Activation in BV-2 Microglial Cells.Biology · 2025Article
- Innate immunity and training to subvert original antigenic sin by the humoral immune response.eLife · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For almost nearly a century, memory functions have been attributed only to acquired immune cells. Lately, this paradigm has been challenged by an increasing number of studies revealing that innate immune cells are capable of exhibiting memory-like features resulting in increased responsiveness to subsequent challenges, a process known as trained immunity (known also as innate memory). In contrast, the refractory state of endotoxin tolerance has been defined as an immunosuppressive state of myeloid cells portrayed by a significant reduction in the inflammatory capacity. Both training as well tolerance as adaptive features are reported to be accompanied by epigenetic and metabolic alterations occurring in cells. While training conveys proper protection against secondary infections, the induction of endotoxin tolerance promotes repairing mechanisms in the cells. Consequently, the inappropriate induction of these adaptive cues may trigger maladaptive effects, promoting an increased susceptibility to secondary infections-tolerance, or contribute to the progression of the inflammatory disorder-trained immunity. This review aims at the discussion of these opposing manners of innate immune and non-immune cells, describing the molecular, metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms involved and interpreting the clinical implications in various inflammatory pathologies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.