Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36979279›Full record

ReviewBrain sciences2023

Measuring Social Camouflaging in Individuals with High Functioning Autism: A Literature Review.

Ivan Mirko Cremone, Barbara Carpita, Benedetta Nardi, Danila Casagrande, Rossella Stagnari, Giulia Amatori, Liliana Dell'Osso

Open access · goldFull text readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Brain sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
6.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Camouflaging and autism: Conceptualisation and methodological issues.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Pathways to autism diagnosis in adulthood.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ivan Mirko CremoneDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Barbara CarpitaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Benedetta NardiDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Danila CasagrandeDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Rossella StagnariDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Giulia AmatoriDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Liliana Dell'OssoDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
University of Pisa · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the recent years, growing attention has been paid to the use of camouflaging strategies by adult populations suffering from autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with milder manifestations and without intellectual impairment, which may lead to a delay in diagnosis or even a misdiagnosis. In fact, high-functioning ASD individuals were reported to be more aware of their communication difficulties and were more likely make considerable efforts to adjust their behavior to conventional rules of non-autistic individuals, learning to imitate other non-ASD individuals. Moreover, females reported a higher frequency of camouflaging strategies, suggesting a role of camouflaging in the gender gap of the ASD diagnosis. Although camouflaging strategies can sometimes grant a better level of adjustment, even resulting in a hyper-adaptive behavior, they are also often correlated with negative mental health consequences due to the long-term stress associated with continuous attempts to adapt in day-to-day life. In this framework, the aim of the present work was to review the available studies that assessed the presence and correlates of camouflaging strategies in individuals with ASD. Although the literature available on the topic is still scarce, some interesting correlations between camouflaging and anxious and depressive symptoms, as well as suicidality, were highlighted. In particular, the controversial and sometime opposite thoughts and results about camouflaging may be clarified and integrated in light of a dimensional approach to psychopathology.

Indexed as

autism spectrum disorderbroad autism phenotypecamouflagingfemale autism phenotype

Identifiers

PMID36979279
PMCPMC10046375
OpenAlexW4323846331

What OpenQuestion holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.