ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2023
Serotonin and Dopamine Blood Levels in ADHD-Like Dogs.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dog Breeds for the Future: Theoretical Assessment of Strategies for Enhancing the Behavioural Reliability of Existing Dog Breeds, or Developing New Ideal Urban Companion Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Behavioral Convergence with Physiological Divergence: Sex Differences in Hormones but Not Social Behavior in Beagle Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Associations between canine temperament and salivary concentrations of cortisol and serotonin.PloS one · 2026Article
- GWAS for behavioral traits in golden retrievers identifies genes implicated in human temperament, mental health, and cognition.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Human-like associations between gut microbiome composition and inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in dogs.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Addictive-like behavioural traits in pet dogs with extreme motivation for toy play.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nutraceuticals, Social Interaction, and Psychophysiological Influence on Pet Health and Well-Being: Focus on Dogs and Cats.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Modern Palatant Strategies in Dry and Wet Pet Food: Formulation Technologies, Patent Innovations, and Market Evolution.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Development of a human analogue ADHD diagnostic system for family dogs.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Multidimensional Comparison of Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children, a 12-Week, Open-Label, Head-to-Head Clinical Trial.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- New Advances in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-like Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- The Relationship between Canine Behavioral Disorders and Gut Microbiome and Future Therapeutic Perspectives.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Towards an Objective Measurement Tool for ADHD-like Traits in Family Dogs: A Comprehensive Test Battery.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Potential Benefits of a 'Trauma-Informed Care' Approach to Improve the Assessment and Management of Dogs Presented with Anxiety Disorders.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Development of a human-analogue, 3-symptom domain Dog ADHD and Functionality Rating Scale (DAFRS).Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As with humans, dogs can suffer from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like (ADHD-like) behaviors naturally and exhibit high levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity and attention deficit problems, making the domestic dog a potential animal model for ADHD. ADHD has a very complex pathophysiology in which many neurotransmitters are involved, such as serotonin and dopamine. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum serotonin and dopamine levels in dogs with ADHD-like symptomatology. Fifty-eight dogs were studied, of which, thirty-six were classified as ADHD-like after physical and behavioral assessments. Additionally, the dogs' owners performed a series of scientifically validated questionnaires which included C-BARQ, the Dog Impulsivity Assessment Scale, and the Dog-ADHD rating scale. Serum from every animal was collected after the behavioral assessments and analyzed with commercial ELISA tests for serotonin and dopamine determination. Kruskal-Wallis tests and Lasso regressions were applied to assess the relationships between both neurotransmitters and the ADHD-like behaviors (as assessed by clinical evaluation and through the different questionnaires). The dogs clinically classified as ADHD-like showed lower serotonin and dopamine concentrations. Further, serotonin and dopamine levels were also linked to aggression, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Decreased serotonin concentrations were also related to fear, attachment, and touch sensitivity. Finally, it must be noted that our data suggested a strong relationship between serotonin and dopamine and ADHD-like behaviors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.