ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2023
Talaromyces marneffei infection and complicate manifestation of respiratory system in HIV-negative children.
Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV-Negative Host PulmonaryInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Case Report and literature review: X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency complicated byFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Disseminated talaromycosis in HIV-negative patients with lung cancer: a rare case report and literature review.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Fungal-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Literature Review in Non-HIV Populations.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Human inborn errors of immunity underlyingFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Case Report:Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRespiratory symptoms are the earliest clinical manifestation of Talaromyces marneffei (TM) infection. In this study, we aimed to improve the early identification of TM infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative children with respiratory symptoms as the first manifestation, analyze the risk factors, and provide evidence for diagnosis and treatment.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed six cases of HIV-negative children with respiratory system infection symptoms as the first presentation.
resultsAll subjects (100%) had cough and hepatosplenomegaly, and five subjects (83.3%) had a fever; other symptoms and signs included lymph node enlargement, rash, rales, wheezing, hoarseness, hemoptysis, anemia, and thrush. Additionally, 66.7% of the cases had underlying diseases (three had malnutrition, one had severe combined immune deficiency [SCID]). The most common coinfecting pathogen was Pneumocystis jirovecii, which occurred in two cases (33.3%), followed by one case of Aspergillus sp. (16.6%). Furthermore, the value of β-D-glucan detection (G test) increased in 50% of the cases, while the proportion of NK decreased in six cases (100%). Five children (83.3%) were confirmed to have the pathogenic genetic mutations. Three children (50%) were treated with amphotericin B, voriconazole, and itraconazole, respectively; three children (50%) were treated with voriconazole and itraconazole. All children were tested for itraconazole and voriconazole plasma concentrations throughout antifungal therapy. Two cases (33.3%) relapsed after drug withdrawal within 1 year, and the average duration of antifungal treatment for all children was 17.7 months.
conclusionThe first manifestation of TM infection in children is respiratory symptoms, which are nonspecific and easily misdiagnosed. When the effectiveness of anti-infection treatment is poor for recurrent respiratory tract infections, we must consider the condition with an opportunistic pathogen and attempt to identify the pathogen using various samples and detection methods to confirm the diagnosis. It is recommended the course for anti-TM disease be longer than one year for children with immune deficiency. Monitoring the blood concentration of antifungal drugs is important.
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