ReviewJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2023
Functional neurological disorder is a feminist issue.
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Review in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
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27citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
14.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment of functional neurological disorder: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Disability, distress and delayed access to care in functional neurological disorder: cross-sectional study from an Australian tertiary clinic.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Personality Disorders in Functional and Idiopathic Dystonia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Difference in clinical characteristics between functional syncope and vasovagal syncope in children.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Why does FND mainly affect women? A consideration of gender imbalance in neuropsychiatric disease.Psychological medicine · 2026Review
- Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Mass Social Media-Induced Illness Presenting with Functional Tic-like Behaviors.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Idiopathic Scoliosis as a Conversion Reaction to Stress with the Neural Effect of a "Distorting Mirror".Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The effectiveness of specialist cognitive behavioural therapy for functional neurological disorder: a service evaluation.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Momentary predictors of dissociation in functional neurological disorder: an ecological momentary assessment-based pilot study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- A systematic review of functional neurological disorder in transgender people.International journal of transgender health · 2026Review
- Functional neurological disorder in pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period: systematic review.BJPsych bulletin · 2025Review
- Review
- An Exploration of How Functional Neurological Disorder Is Discussed on X (Twitter): Mixed Methods Study Using Social Network and Content Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Unraveling functional neurological disorder in pediatric populations: A systematic review of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
- Education Research: Targeting Self-Described Knowledge Gaps to Improve Functional Neurologic Disorder Education Among Clinicians.Neurology. Education · 2025Article
- Platform Technology for Extended Reality Biofeedback Training Under Operant Conditioning for Functional Limb Weakness: Protocol for the Coproduction of an at-Home Solution (React2Home).JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Pathophysiology of functional neurological disorder for the general neurologist.BMJ neurology open · 2025Review
- Orthodontic considerations for managing patients with functional movement disorders: a narrative review and clinical guide.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2025Review
- Attachment State of Mind and complex traumatization in patients with Functional Motor Disorder (Motor Conversion Disorder).Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
46 authors at 20 institutions in 14 countries.
Caoimhe McLoughlinCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Ingrid HoeritzauerCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Verónica CabreiraCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9945-7681
Selma AybekDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Hopitaux Universitaires de Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland.
Caitlin AdamsDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Jane AltyCollege of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-5456-8676
Harriet A BallBristol Medical School, University of Bristol Faculty of Health Sciences, Bristol, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2137-7582
Janet BakerRandwick Specialist Centre, Private Practice, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
Kim BullockDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Chrissie BurnessNeurology, Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
Barbara A DworetzkyDepartment of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Sara FinkelsteinMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Béatrice GarcinDepartment of Neurology, Hopital Avicenne, Bobigny, France.
Jeannette GelauffDepartment of Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Laura H GoldsteinDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9387-3035
Anika JordbruFaculty of Humanities, Sport and Educational Science, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway.
Anne-Catherine Ml HuysDepartment of Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
Aoife LaffanNeurology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Sarah C LidstoneUniversity Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0147-0202
Stefanie Caroline LindenDepartment of Health, Ethics and Society, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-2120-3811
Lea LudwigDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Julie MaggioDepartment of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Francesca MorganteNeurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Elizabeth MallamThe Rosa Burden Centre, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.
Clare NicholsonTherapy Services, National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8047-6820
Mary O'NealDepartment of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Suzanne O'SullivanNeurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
Isabel PareésMovement Disorders Program, Neurology Deparment Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain.
Panayiota PetrochilosUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3880-8799
Susannah PickSection of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2001-6723
Wendy PhillipsDepartment of Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
Karin RoelofsDonders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour: Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Rachel NewbyNeurology, Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
Biba StantonNeurology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
Cordelia GrayNeurology Psychotherapy Service, Sheffield Teaching Hospital, Academic Neurology Unit, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Eileen M JoyceNeuropsychiatry, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
Marina Aj TijssenExpertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5783-571X
Trudie ChalderDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0775-1045
Maxanne McCormickPhysician assistant/patient with FND, FNDRecovery.com, -, Monument CO, USA.
Paula GardinerPsychological Therapy in Primary Care, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
Indrit BègueDepartment of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneve, Switzerland.
Margaret C TuttleMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Isobel WilliamsNeuropsychology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.
Sarah McRaeDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.
Valerie VoonPsychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Laura McWhirterCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK laura.mcwhirter@ed.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0001-9839-6549
Harvard University · USKing's College London · GBUniversity of Edinburgh · GBBrigham and Women's Hospital · USCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · GBNational Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery · GBNHS Lothian · GBNorth Bristol NHS Trust · GBUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · GBFlinders University · AUHôpital Avicenne · FRHospital de São João · PTHospital Ruber Internacional · ESKing's College Hospital · GBMaastricht University · NLMassachusetts General Hospital · USRadboud University Nijmegen · NLSheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · GBStanford Medicine · USSt. James's Hospital · IE
Funding
Chief Scientist OfficeDepartment of HealthMedical Research Council MR/V032771/1
Abstract
Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common and disabling disorder, often misunderstood by clinicians. Although viewed sceptically by some, FND is a diagnosis that can be made accurately, based on positive clinical signs, with clinical features that have remained stable for over 100 years. Despite some progress in the last decade, people with FND continue to suffer subtle and overt forms of discrimination by clinicians, researchers and the public. There is abundant evidence that disorders perceived as primarily affecting women are neglected in healthcare and medical research, and the course of FND mirrors this neglect. We outline the reasons why FND is a feminist issue, incorporating historical and contemporary clinical, research and social perspectives. We call for parity for FND in medical education, research and clinical service development so that people affected by FND can receive the care they need.
Indexed as
Biomedical ResearchConversion DisorderNervous System DiseasesFemaleHumansconversion disorderfunctional neurological disorderneuropsychiatrysomatisation disorder
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.