ArticleToxins2023
Acontia, a Specialised Defensive Structure, Has Low Venom Complexity in
Article in Toxins, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stable yet shifting: Early toxin dynamics in typical and atypical clownfish-anemone symbioses.Toxicon: X · 2026Article
- Cnidarian Venoms in the Omics Era: Toxin Discovery and Bioactive Potential.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Asexual reproduction in reef-building corals: insights into fragment attachment to improve restoration and predict natural recovery.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Article
- Proteomic Diversity of the Sea AnemoneMarine drugs · 2025Article
- Cnidarian toxins: omics approaches and recombinant proteins.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Molecular Insights into the Low Complexity Secreted Venom of Calliactis polypus.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Genomic, functional and structural analyses elucidate evolutionary innovation within the sea anemone 8 toxin family.BMC biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phylum Cnidaria represents a unique group among venomous taxa, with its delivery system organised as individual organelles, known as nematocysts, heterogeneously distributed across morphological structures rather than packaged as a specialised organ. Acontia are packed with large nematocysts that are expelled from sea anemones during aggressive encounters with predatory species and are found in a limited number of species in the superfamily Metridioidea. Little is known about this specialised structure other than the commonly accepted hypothesis of its role in defence and a rudimentary understanding of its toxin content and activity. This study utilised previously published transcriptomic data and new proteomic analyses to expand this knowledge by identifying the venom profile of acontia in
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.