ArticleThe western journal of emergency medicine2023
Emergency Physician Observations and Attitudes on Law Enforcement Activities in the Emergency Department.
Article in The western journal of emergency medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Effect of Awareness of Excessive Use of Force on the Psychological Well-being and Workplace Environment of Emergency Physicians: A Pilot Study.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- "They Align Themselves With Us, Whereas I'm Aligned With the Patient": A Multi-Site Qualitative Study of Resident Physicians' Experiences With Law Enforcement in the Emergency Department.AEM education and training · 2026Article
- A scoping review of medical education and care of patients with criminal-legal system involvement.Health & justice · 2026Review
- The Police Department in the Emergency Department: Developing a Patient-Centered Resource for Navigating Law Enforcement Interactions in Clinical Care Settings.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2026Article
- Navigating Law Enforcement Presence in Emergency Departments.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Civil Monetary Penalties from Violations of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act for Patients Arriving or Leaving with Law Enforcement.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Best practice guidelines for evaluating patients in custody in the emergency department.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionLaw enforcement officers (LEO) interact with patients and clinicians in the emergency department (ED) for many reasons. There is no current consensus on what should comprise, or how to best enact, guidelines that ideally balance LEO activities in the service of public safety with patient health, autonomy, and privacy. The purpose of this study was to explore how a national sample of emergency physicians (EP) perceives activities of LEOs during the delivery of emergency medical care.
methodsMembers of the Emergency Medicine Practice Research Network (EMPRN) were recruited via an email-delivered, anonymous survey that elicited experiences, perceptions, and knowledge of policies that guide interactions with LEOs in the ED. The survey included multiple-choice items, which we analyzed descriptively, and open-ended questions, which we analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
resultsOf 765 EPs in the EMPRN, 141 (18.4%) completed the survey. Respondents represented diverse locations and years in practice. A total of 113 (82%) respondents were White, and 114 (81%) were male. Over a third reported LEO presence in the ED on a daily basis. A majority (62%) perceived LEO presence as helpful for clinicians and clinical practice. When asked about the factors deemed highly important in allowing LEOs to access patients during care, 75% reported patients' potential as a threat to public safety. A small minority of respondents (12%) considered the patients' consent or preference to interact with LEOs. While 86% of EPs felt that information-gathering by LEO was appropriate in the ED setting, only 13% were aware of policy to guide these decisions. Perceived barriers to implementation of policy in this area included: issues of enforcement; leadership; education; operational challenges; and potential negative consequences.
conclusionFuture research is warranted to explore how policies and practices that guide intersections between emergency medical care and law enforcement impact patients, clinicians, and the communities that health systems serve.
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Registered trials
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