ArticleJAMA network open2023
Evaluation of Use of Epinephrine and Time to First Dose and Outcomes in Pediatric Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.
Article in JAMA network open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Augmented Reality-Guided Decision Support in Simulated Pediatric Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Practice variability of epinephrine administration in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Association of Scene Time Interval and Field Arrival to Epinephrine Administration Time with Outcomes in Cardiac Arrest.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Intraosseous vs Intravenous Access for Epinephrine in Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- The Latest in Resuscitation Research: Highlights From the 2023 American Heart Association's Resuscitation Science Symposium.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Survival After Intra-Arrest Transport vs On-Scene Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Children.JAMA network open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: While epinephrine has been widely used in prehospital resuscitation for pediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), the benefit and optimal timing of epinephrine administration have not been fully investigated. Objectives: To evaluate the association between epinephrine administration and patient outcomes and to ascertain whether the timing of epinephrine administration was associated with patient outcomes after pediatric OHCA. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study included pediatric patients (<18 years) with OHCA treated by emergency medical services (EMS) from April 2011 to June 2015. Eligible patients were identified from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Epidemiologic Registry, a prospective OHCA registry at 10 sites in the US and Canada. Data analysis was performed from May 2021 to January 2023. Exposures: The main exposures were prehospital intravenous or intraosseous epinephrine administration and the interval between arrival of an advanced life support (ALS)-capable EMS clinician (ALS arrival) and the first administration of epinephrine. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Patients who received epinephrine at any given minute after ALS arrival were matched with patients who were at risk of receiving epinephrine within the same minute using time-dependent propensity scores calculated from patient demographics, arrest characteristics, and EMS interventions. Results: Of 1032 eligible individuals (median [IQR] age, 1 [0-10] years), 625 (60.6%) were male. 765 patients (74.1%) received epinephrine and 267 (25.9%) did not. The median (IQR) time interval between ALS arrival and epinephrine administration was 9 (6.2-12.1) minutes. In the propensity score-matched cohort (1432 patients), survival to hospital discharge was higher in the epinephrine group compared with the at-risk group (epinephrine: 45 of 716 [6.3%] vs at-risk: 29 of 716 [4.1%]; risk ratio, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.29-3.40). The timing of epinephrine administration was also not associated with survival to hospital discharge after ALS arrival (P for the interaction between epinephrine administration and time to matching = .34). Conclusions and Relevance: In this study of pediatric patients with OHCA in the US and Canada, epinephrine administration was associated with survival to hospital discharge, while timing of the administration was not associated with survival.
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