SynthesisJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2024
Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cardiovascular Health Disparities in Adults of Color Aged 18 to 50: A Systematic Review.The Journal of cardiovascular nursingPooled it
- Racism and alterations in brain structure and function: A narrative review of emerging neuroimaging evidence in racialized individuals.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Psychometric Evidence for Chronic Stress Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in African American Adults: An Equity-Focused COSMIN Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Weight Perception and Cardiometabolic Health Among Adolescents Followed Into Emerging Adulthood.Preventing chronic disease · 2026Article
- "I'm Black and I'm Stressed": An Exploratory Literature Review on Stress and Coping Mechanisms Among African Americans, Afro-Caribbean, and African Immigrants in the USA.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Association Between Discrimination in Health Care and ASCVD Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the United States.Circulation. Population health and outcomes · 2026Article
- Experiencing unfair treatment is associated with incident cardiovascular disease among older Black adults.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Vitamin D Status, Adiposity, and Insulin Resistance among U.S. Non-Hispanic Black Women: a Complex-Survey Analysis of NHANES 2011-2018.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- From Molecules to Meaning: Integrating Neuropeptides, Sociostasis, and Hormesis in the Brain-Heart Axis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- CVD Environmental Health Disparities Tool: systematic evidence mapping of psychosocial stressors, environmental exposures, and cardiovascular diseases to inform disparities research and action.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Review
- Resilience and social support as correlates of dementia risk: insights from a biopsychosocial analysis of the All of Us dataset.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Pregnancy complications and risk of cardiometabolic-renal conditions in 1.4 million women in England: longitudinal study.BMJ medicine · 2026Article
- Burden of Unfair Treatment and Subclinical Atherosclerotic Risk Among Black Adults: The Moderating Role of Religious Coping.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Chronic emotional stress and mediating role of Interleukin-6 in the association with cardiometabolic disorders in a multiethnic middle-aged and older US population.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- Racial Discrimination, Religious Coping, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among African American Women and Men.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Cardiometabolic deaths in premenopausal black and white women.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Health Effects of Interpersonal and Structural Discrimination on Minority Groups in Europe.Sociology of health & illness · 2025Article
- The underlying mechanisms by which Post-Traumatic Growth is associated with cardiovascular health in male UK military personnel: The ADVANCE cohort study.Journal of health psychology · 2025Article
- Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity and Dementia Onset Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Differences by Race/Ethnicity.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionRacial discrimination has been identified as a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among racial/ethnic minority groups; however, there is no synthesis of current knowledge on the association between discrimination and cardiometabolic diseases. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize evidence linking racial/ethnic discrimination and cardiometabolic diseases.
methodsThe review was conducted based on studies identified via electronic searches of 5 databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, WorldWideScience.org, ResearchGate and Microsoft Academic) using terms related to discrimination and cardiometabolic disease.
resultsOf the 123 eligible studies included in the review, 87 were cross-sectional, 25 longitudinal, 8 quasi-experimental, 2 randomized controlled trials and 1 case-control. Cardiometabolic disease outcomes discussed were hypertension (n = 46), cardiovascular disease (n = 40), obesity (n = 12), diabetes (n = 11), metabolic syndrome (n = 9), and chronic kidney disease (n = 5). Although a variety of discrimination measures was employed across the studies, the Everyday Discrimination Scale was used most often (32.5%). African Americans/Blacks were the most frequently studied racial/ethnic group (53.1%), and American Indians the least (0.02%). Significant associations between racial/ethnic discrimination and cardiometabolic disease were found in 73.2% of the studies. DISCUSSION: Racial/ethnic discrimination is positively associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease and higher levels of cardiometabolic biomarkers. Identifying racial/ethnic discrimination as a potential key contributor to the health inequities associated with cardiometabolic diseases is important for addressing the significant burden borne by racial/ethnic minorities.
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