Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36976339›Full record

ArticlePediatric radiology2023

Normal reference values for magnetic resonance imaging measurements of the fetal internal jugular veins in middle and late pregnancy.

Duo Gao, Xin Liu, Yimin Cao, Zexi Yi, Xiaobin Gao, Ying Li, Cuili Cao, Zuojun Geng, Lixia Zhou

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric radiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Advancements in MRI application in the morphological development of fetal cerebral venous system: a review.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Duo Gao *Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province, 215 Heping Western Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3691-2119
Xin Liu *Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province, 215 Heping Western Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
Yimin CaoDepartment of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province, 215 Heping Western Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
Zexi YiDepartment of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province, 215 Heping Western Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
Xiaobin GaoDepartment of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province, 215 Heping Western Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
Ying LiDepartment of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province, 215 Heping Western Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
Cuili CaoDepartment of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province, 361 Zhongshan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
Zuojun GengDepartment of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province, 215 Heping Western Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
Lixia ZhouDepartment of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province, 215 Heping Western Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China. doctorzhou@126.com.ORCID 0000-0002-4260-756X
Hebei Medical University · CN

Funding

Roentgen imaging research project HB-201906-003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAt present, there is a lack of normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometric reference values for fetal internal jugular veins during middle and late pregnancy.

objectiveWe used MRI to assess the morphology and cross-sectional area of the internal jugular veins of fetuses during middle and late pregnancy and to explore the clinical value of these parameters. MATERIALS AND

methodsThe MRI images of 126 fetuses in middle and late pregnancy were retrospectively analysed to determine the optimal sequence for imaging the internal jugular veins. Morphological observation of the fetal internal jugular veins in each gestational week was carried out, lumen cross-sectional area was measured and the relationship between these data and gestational age was analysed.

resultsThe balanced steady-state free precession sequence was superior to other MRI sequences used for fetal imaging. The cross section of fetal internal jugular veins was predominantly circular in both the middle and late stages of pregnancy, however the prevalence of an oval cross section was significantly higher in the late gestational age group. The cross-sectional area of the lumen of the fetal internal jugular veins increased with increasing gestational age. Fetal jugular vein asymmetry was common, with the right jugular vein being dominant in the high gestational age group.

conclusionWe provide normal reference values for fetal internal jugular veins measured by MRI. These values may form the basis for clinical assessment of abnormal dilation or stenosis.

Indexed as

FetusJugular VeinsFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingPregnancyReference ValuesRetrospective StudiesAneurysmCross-sectional areaFetusInternal jugular veinMagnetic resonance imagingVein of Galen

Identifiers

PMID36976339
PMCPMC10156768
OpenAlexW4361190114

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.