Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36975605›Full record

ArticleThe journal of spinal cord medicine2024

Sex differences in heart disease prevalence among individuals with spinal cord injury: A population-based study.

Analisa Jia, Lisa Kuramoto, Freda M Warner, Lisa Liu, Alexandra M Williams, Annalijn Conklin, Christopher R West, Jacquelyn J Cragg

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Analisa JiaCollaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Lisa KuramotoCentre for Clinical Epidemiology & Evaluation (C2E2), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Freda M WarnerCollaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Lisa LiuCollaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Alexandra M WilliamsInternational Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Annalijn ConklinCollaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Christopher R WestInternational Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Jacquelyn J CraggCollaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
University of British Columbia · CAVancouver Coastal Health · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CONTEXT/

objectiveThe risk for cardiovascular disease is amplified following spinal cord injury, but whether risk differs between the sexes remains unknown. Here, we evaluated sex differences in the prevalence of heart disease among individuals with spinal cord injury, and compared sex differences with able-bodied individuals.

designThe design was a cross-sectional study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted, using inverse probability weighting to account for the sampling method and to adjust for confounders.

settingCanada.

participantsIndividuals who participated in the national Canadian Community Health Survey.

interventionsNot applicable. OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported heart disease.

resultsAmong 354 individuals with spinal cord injury, the weighted prevalence of self-reported heart disease was 22.9% in males and 8.7% in females, with an inverse-probability weighted odds ratio of 3.44 (95% CI 1.70-6.95) for males versus females. Among 60,605 able-bodied individuals, the prevalence of self-reported heart disease was 5.8% in males and 4.0% in females, with an inverse probability weighted odds ratio of 1.62 (95% CI 1.50-1.75) for males versus females. The effect of male sex on increasing heart disease prevalence was about two times higher among individuals with spinal cord injury than able-bodied individuals (relative difference in inverse probability weighted odds ratios = 2.12, 95% CI 1.08-4.51).

conclusionMales with spinal cord injury exhibit a significantly higher prevalence of heart disease, compared with females with spinal cord injury. Moreover, relative to able-bodied individuals, spinal cord injury amplifies sex-related differences in heart disease. Overall, this work will inform targeted cardiovascular prevention strategies, and may also inform a better understanding of cardiovascular disease progression in both able-bodied and individuals with spinal cord injury.

Indexed as

Heart DiseasesSpinal Cord InjuriesAdolescentAdultAgedCanadaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceSex CharacteristicsCardiovascular diseaseHeart diseaseSex- and gender-based analysis (SGBA)Spinal cord injuredSpinal cord injury

Identifiers

PMID36975605
PMCPMC11218573
OpenAlexW4361190269

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.