Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36975303›Full record

ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2023

Emojis Are Comprehended Better than Facial Expressions, by Male Participants.

Linda Dalle Nogare, Alice Cerri, Alice Mado Proverbio

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In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Emojis in Marketing and Advertising: A Systematic Literature Review.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  3. Emotions behind a mask: the value of disgust.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Linda Dalle NogareDepartment of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20162 Milan, Italy.
Alice CerriDepartment of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20162 Milan, Italy.
Alice Mado ProverbioDepartment of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20162 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5138-1523

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emojis are colorful ideograms resembling stylized faces commonly used for expressing emotions in instant messaging, on social network sites, and in email communication. Notwithstanding their increasing and pervasive use in electronic communication, they are not much investigated in terms of their psychological properties and communicative efficacy. Here, we presented 112 different human facial expressions and emojis (expressing neutrality, happiness, surprise, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust) to a group of 96 female and male university students engaged in the recognition of their emotional meaning. Analyses of variance showed that male participants were significantly better than female participants at recognizing emojis (especially negative ones) while the latter were better than male participants at recognizing human facial expressions. Quite interestingly, male participants were better at recognizing emojis than human facial expressions per se. These findings are in line with more recent evidence suggesting that male individuals may be more competent and inclined to use emojis to express their emotions in messaging (especially sarcasm, teasing, and love) than previously thought. Finally, the data indicate that emojis are less ambiguous than facial expressions (except for neutral and surprise emotions), possibly because of the limited number of fine-grained details and the lack of morphological features conveying facial identity.

Indexed as

angeremojiemoticonemotionemotional communicationfearsex differencestextingvisual perception

Identifiers

PMID36975303
PMCPMC10045925

What OpenQuestion holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
reference markers read1
measurements read26
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.