Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36974122›Full record

ArticleNeurotrauma reports2023

Neuroinflammatory Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnosis and Prognosis: A TRACK-TBI Pilot Study.

John K Yue, Firas H Kobeissy, Sonia Jain, Xiaoying Sun, Ryan R L Phelps, Frederick K Korley, Raquel C Gardner, Adam R Ferguson, J Russell Huie, Andrea L C Schneider and 15 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldFull text read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurotrauma reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01565551 (Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Pilot), which is not on this map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
10.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01565551 completednot on this map

Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Pilot

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of California, San FranciscoRan2010 to 2013Enrolled650ConditionsTraumatic Brain InjuryArmsN/A (Observational Study)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Nanozyme-based therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026
    Review
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  18. Interleukin-6 and its association with outcome in traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025
    Article
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  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

John K YueDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Firas H KobeissyDepartments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Sonia JainDivision of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
Xiaoying SunDivision of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
Ryan R L PhelpsDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Frederick K KorleyDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Raquel C GardnerDepartment of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Adam R FergusonDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
J Russell HuieDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Andrea L C SchneiderDepartment of Neurology, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Zhihui YangDepartments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Haiyan XuDepartments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Cillian E LynchDepartment of Neurology, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hansen DengDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Miri RabinowitzDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Mary J VassarDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Sabrina R TaylorDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Pratik MukherjeeBrain and Spinal Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA.
Esther L YuhBrain and Spinal Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA.
Amy J MarkowitzDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Ava M PuccioDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
David O OkonkwoDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Ramon Diaz-ArrastiaDepartment of Neurology, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Geoffrey T ManleyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Kevin K W WangDepartments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
San Francisco General Hospital · USUniversity of Florida · USUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · USUniversity of California San Diego · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of Michigan · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The relationship between systemic inflammation and secondary injury in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is complex. We investigated associations between inflammatory markers and clinical confirmation of TBI diagnosis and prognosis. The prospective TRACK-TBI Pilot (Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Pilot) study enrolled TBI patients triaged to head computed tomography (CT) and received blood draw within 24 h of injury. Healthy controls (HCs) and orthopedic controls (OCs) were included. Thirty-one inflammatory markers were analyzed from plasma. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate discriminatory ability. AUC >0.7 was considered acceptable. Criteria included: TBI diagnosis (vs. OC/HC); moderate/severe vs. mild TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale; GCS); radiographic TBI (CT positive vs. CT negative); 3- and 6-month Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) dichotomized to death/greater relative disability versus less relative disability (GOSE 1-4/5-8); and incomplete versus full recovery (GOSE <8/ = 8). One-hundred sixty TBI subjects, 28 OCs, and 18 HCs were included. Markers discriminating TBI/OC: HMGB-1 (AUC = 0.835), IL-1b (0.795), IL-16 (0.784), IL-7 (0.742), and TARC (0.731). Markers discriminating GCS 3-12/13-15: IL-6 (AUC = 0.747), CRP (0.726), IL-15 (0.720), and SAA (0.716). Markers discriminating CT positive/CT negative: SAA (AUC = 0.767), IL-6 (0.757), CRP (0.733), and IL-15 (0.724). At 3 months, IL-15 (AUC = 0.738) and IL-2 (0.705) discriminated GOSE 5-8/1-4. At 6 months, IL-15 discriminated GOSE 1-4/5-8 (AUC = 0.704) and GOSE <8/ = 8 (0.711); SAA discriminated GOSE 1-4/5-8 (0.704). We identified a profile of acute circulating inflammatory proteins with potential relevance for TBI diagnosis, severity differentiation, and prognosis. IL-15 and serum amyloid A are priority markers with acceptable discrimination across multiple diagnostic and outcome categories. Validation in larger prospective cohorts is needed. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration: NCT01565551.

Indexed as

acute phase reactantalarmincytokineneuroinflammationprognosistraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID36974122
PMCPMC10039275
OpenAlexW4360880015

What OpenQuestion holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
measurements read55
identifiers read1
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.