ArticleDigestive diseases and sciences2023
Food-Specific IgG4 Is Elevated Throughout the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.
Article in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is Milk Elimination Enough? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of One-Food Elimination Diet in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Dietary Approaches in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of IgE-mediated food allergy and the role of allergen-specific B cells.FEBS letters · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Sensitization to Panallergens and IgG4 Profiles Against Specific Foods in Patients with Allergic-Phenotype Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Analysis of food-specific IgE, IgG, and IgG4 antibodies in children with allergic diseases.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Esophageal tissue immunoglobulin G4 in eosinophilic esophagitis and its correlation with serum-specific IgG4 to six foods.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Article
- Eosinophilic esophagitis in children: A multicenter study evaluating current practices in Mexico.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Contribution of T cell subsets to different food allergic diseases.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Triggers for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE): The intersection of food allergy and EoE.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Review
- Expression of Immunoglobulin G4 in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Assessment of the Severity and the Remission Criteria in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Dietary Treatment for Children and Adults with Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Which Patient and Which Doctor Is It Suitable for?Inflammatory intestinal diseasesReview
- The Role of B Cells and Antibodies in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Inflammatory intestinal diseasesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFood-specific immunoglobulin G4 (FS-IgG4) is associated with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE); however, it is not clear whether production is limited to the esophagus.
aimsTo assess FS-IgG4 levels in the upper gastrointestinal tract and plasma and compare these with endoscopic disease severity, tissue eosinophil counts, and patient-reported symptoms.
methodsWe examined prospectively banked plasma, throat swabs, and upper gastrointestinal biopsies (esophagus, gastric antrum, and duodenum) from control (n = 15), active EoE (n = 24), and inactive EoE (n = 8) subjects undergoing upper endoscopy. Patient-reported symptoms were assessed using the EoE symptom activity index (EEsAI). Endoscopic findings were evaluated using the EoE endoscopic reference score (EREFS). Peak eosinophils per high-power field (eos/hpf) were assessed from esophageal biopsies. Biopsy homogenates and throat swabs were normalized for protein content and assessed for FS-IgG4 to milk, wheat, and egg.
resultsMedian FS-IgG4 for milk and wheat was significantly increased in the plasma, throat swabs, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum of active EoE subjects compared to controls. No significant differences for milk- or wheat-IgG4 were observed between active and inactive EoE subjects. Among the gastrointestinal sites sampled, FS-IgG4 levels were highest in the esophagus. Esophageal FS-IgG4 for all foods correlated significantly across all sites sampled (r ≥ 0.59, p < 0.05). Among subjects with EoE, esophageal FS-IgG4 correlated significantly with peak eos/hpf (milk and wheat) and total EREFS (milk). EEsAI scores and esophageal FS-IgG4 levels did not correlate.
conclusionsMilk and wheat FS-IgG4 levels are elevated in plasma and throughout the upper gastrointestinal tract in EoE subjects and correlate with endoscopic findings and esophageal eosinophilia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.