ArticleUrology2023
Variation in Statewide Intravesical Treatment Rates for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer During the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Drug Shortage.
Article in Urology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes of maintenance BCG versus gemcitabine/docetaxel following BCG induction in NMIBC.BJU international · 2026Article
- Comparative effectiveness of intravesical gemcitabine vs. sequential gemcitabine and docetaxel for high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer.Urologic oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy-induced extracellular vesicles promote antitumor immunity in bladder cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A population-based analysis of patterns of care in patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer from Alberta, Canada.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2025Article
- Tolerability and efficacy of induction Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Bladder (San Francisco, Calif.) · 2025Article
- BCG therapy for bladder cancer: Exploring patient experiences and concerns through artificial intelligence-based social media analysis.Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo measure the changes in treatment patterns for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer before and during the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) drug shortage. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe used a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries and identified 7971 bladder cancer patients (2648 pre-BCG shortage and 5323 during the shortage) ≥66 years of age who received intravesical treatment within 1 year of diagnosis between 2010 and 2017. The BCG shortage period was defined from July 2012 ongoing. Full induction treatment with BCG, mitomycin C, gemcitabine, or other intravesical agents was defined as receiving ≥5 of 6 treatments within 60 days. State-level BCG use before and during the drug shortage was compared in US states reporting at least 50 patients in each period. Independent variables included year of index date, age, sex, race, rurality, and region of residence.
resultsBCG utilization rates decreased 5.9% in the shortage period (95% CI (-8.2%)-(-3.7%)). The proportion of patients that completed a full induction course of BCG decreased from 31.0% in the pre-shortage period to 27.6% in the shortage period (P = .002). 84% of reporting states (16 of 19) had decreased BCG utilization ranging between 5% and 36% compared to pre-shortage rates.
conclusionDuring the BCG drug shortage, eligible bladder cancer patients were less likely to receive gold standard intravesical BCG with a large variation in treatment patterns between US states.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.